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Heterotrophic Nitrification by Arthrobacter sp

^a Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Department of Agronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850

ABSTRACT

Arthrobacter sp. isolated from sewage oxidized ammonium to hydroxylamine, a bound hydroxylamine compound, a hydroxamic acid, a substance presumed to be a primary nitro compound, nitrite, and nitrate. The concentration of free hydroxylamine-nitrogen reached 15 µg/ml. The identification of hydroxylamine was verified by mass spectrometric analysis of its benzophenone oxime derivative. The bound hydroxylamine was tentatively identified as 1-nitrosoethanol on the basis of its mass spectrum, chemical reactions, and infrared and ultraviolet spectra. Hydroxylamine formation by growing cells was relatively independent of pH, but the accumulation of nitrite was strongly favored in alkaline solutions. The formation of hydroxylamine but not nitrite was regulated by the carbon to nitrogen ratio of the medium. The hydroxamic acid was the dominant product of nitrification in iron-deficient media, but hydroxylamine, nitrite, and 1-nitrosoethanol formation was favored in iron-rich solutions. Heterotrophic nitrification by Arthrobacter sp. was not inhibited by several compounds at concentrations which totally inhibited autotrophic nitrification.

¹ Present address: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.

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