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Mis-Regulation of 3-Deoxy-D-Arabino-Heptulosonate 7-Phosphate Synthetase Does Not Account for Growth Inhibition by Phenylalanine in Agmenellum quadruplicatum

¹ Department of Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77025, and Department of Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32601

ABSTRACT

The growth of the blue-green bacterium, Agmenellum quadruplicatum, is inhibited in the presence of L-phenylalanine. This species has a single, constitutively synthesized 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthetase. L-Phenylalanine inhibits DAHP synthetase non-competitively with respect to both substrate reactants. Other aromatic amino acids do not inhibit the activity of DAHP synthetase. A common expectation for branch-point enzymes such as DAHP synthetase is a balanced pattern of feedback control by all of the ultimate end products. It seemed likely that growth inhibition might equate with defective regulation within the branched aromatic pathway. Accordingly, the possibility was examined that mis-regulation of DAHP synthetase by L-phenylalanine in wild-type cells causes starvation for precursors of the other aromatic end products. However, the molecular basis for growth inhibition cannot be attributed to L-phenylalanine inhibition of DAHP synthetase for the following reasons: (i) DAHP synthetase enzymes from L-phenylalanine-resistant mutants are more, rather than less, sensitive to feedback inhibition by L-phenylalanine. (ii) Shikimate not only fails to antagonize inhibition, but is itself inhibitory. (iii) Neither the sensitivity nor the completeness of L-phenylalanine inhibition of the wild-type enzyme in vitro appears sufficient to account for the potent inhibition of growth in vivo by L-phenylalanine. The dominating effect of L-phenylalanine in the control of DAHP synthetase appears to reflect a mechanism that prevents rather than causes growth inhibition by L-phenylalanine. The alteration of the control of DAHP synthetase in mutants selected for resistance to growth inhibition by L-phenylalanine did indicate that the cause for this metabolite vulnerability can be localized within the aromatic amino acid pathway. Apparently, an aromatic intermediate (between shikimate and the end products) accumulates in the presence of L-phenylalanine, causing toxicity by some unknown mechanism. It is concluded that phenylpyruvate, potentially formed by transamination of L-phenylalanine, is an unlikely cause of growth inhibition. Although several significant questions remain unanswered, our results suggest that single-effector control of DAHP synthetase, the first regulatory enzyme activity of a branched pathway, may be more appropriate than it would seem a priori.