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J Bacteriol. 1981 August; 147(2): 526-534
Copyright © 1981, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Diverse Enzymological Patterns of Phenylalanine Biosynthesis in Pseudomonads Are Conserved in Parallel with Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homology Groupings

Robert J. Whitaker1, Graham S. Byng1, Robert L. Gherna2 and R. A. Jensen1

1 Center for Somatic-Cell Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13901
2 American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Maryland 20852

ABSTRACT

L-Tyrosine biosynthesis in nature has proven to be an exceedingly diverse gestalt of variable biochemical routing, cofactor specificity of pathway dehydrogenases, and regulation. A detailed analysis of this enzymological patterning of L-tyrosine biosynthesis formed a basis for the clean separation of five taxa among species currently named Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, or Alcaligenes (Byng et al., J. Bacteriol. 144:247-257, 1980). These groupings paralleled taxa established independently by ribosomal ribonucleic acid/deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) homology relationships. It was later found that the distinctive allosteric control of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase in group V, a group dominated by most named species of Xanthomonas (Whitaker et al., J. Bacteriol. 145:752-759, 1981), was the most striking and convenient criterion of group V identity. Diversity in the biochemical routing of L-phenylalanine biosynthesis and regulation was also found, and phenylalanine patterning is in fact the best single enzymatic indicator of group IV (Pseudomonas diminuta and Pseudomonas vesicularis) identity. Enzymological patterning of L-phenylalanine biosynthesis allowed discrimination of still finer groupings consistently paralleling that achieved by the criterion of DNA/DNA hybridization. Accordingly, the five ribosomal ribonucleic acid/DNA homology groups further separate into eight DNA homology subgroups and into nine subgroups based upon phenylalanine pathway enzyme profiling. (Although both fluorescent and nonfluorescent species of group I pseudomonads fall into a common DNA homology group, fluorescent species were distinct from nonfluorescent species in our analysis.) Hence, phenylalanine patterning data provide a relatively fine-tuned probe of hierarchical level. The combined application of these various enzymological characterizations, feasibly carried out in crude extracts, offers a comprehensive and reliable definition of 11 pseudomonad subgroups, 2 of them being represented by species of Alcaligenes.

J Bacteriol. 1981 August; 147(2): 526-534
Copyright © 1981, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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