This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow E-mail this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Lubbers, M. W.
Right arrow Articles by Polzin, K. M.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Lubbers, M. W.
Right arrow Articles by Polzin, K. M.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Bacteriology, September 1998, p. 4487-4496, Vol. 180, No. 17
0021-9193/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Transcription Analysis of the Prolate-Headed Lactococcal Bacteriophage c2

Mark W. Lubbers,1,* Karin Schofield,2 Nick R. Waterfield,2 and Kayla M. Polzin1

Biological Science Section, New Zealand Dairy Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand,1 and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, England2

Received 10 February 1998/Accepted 24 June 1998

A detailed transcription map of the prolate-headed lactococcal phage c2 has been constructed. Transcription of about one-third of the genome, encoding 22 open reading frames, began within the first 2 min of infection and produced at least 12 overlapping transcripts that persisted until lysis occurred at 30 min after initiation of infection. The remaining two-thirds of the genome, encoding 17 open reading frames, was divergently transcribed, beginning between 4 and 6 min after initiation of infection, and resulted in at least 18 overlapping transcripts that persisted until lysis. Five very strong, simultaneously active, and probably unregulated early promoters and a single positively regulated late promoter were identified. The late promoter had an extended -10 sequence, had a significant basal level of activity in the uninduced state, and was induced to high activity by a phage gene product. The complex overlapping pattern of transcripts resulted from the action of the multiple early promoters, inefficient termination of transcription, and (possibly) processing of a late precursor transcript(s). Phage proteins were not required for these processes, and the host RNA polymerase was probably used for both early and late transcription.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: New Zealand Dairy Research Institute, Private Bag 11 029, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Phone: 64-6-350-4649. Fax: 64-6-356-1476. E-mail: mark.lubbers{at}nzdri.org.nz.

Journal of Bacteriology, September 1998, p. 4487-4496, Vol. 180, No. 17
0021-9193/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Lehman, S. M., Kropinski, A. M., Castle, A. J., Svircev, A. M. (2009). Complete Genome of the Broad-Host-Range Erwinia amylovora Phage {Phi}Ea21-4 and Its Relationship to Salmonella Phage Felix O1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 2139-2147 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rakonjac, J., O'Toole, P. W., Lubbers, M. (2005). Isolation of Lactococcal Prolate Phage-Phage Recombinants by an Enrichment Strategy Reveals Two Novel Host Range Determinants. J. Bacteriol. 187: 3110-3121 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lamothe, G., Levesque, C., Bissonnette, F., Cochu, A., Vadeboncoeur, C., Frenette, M., Duplessis, M., Tremblay, D., Moineau, S. (2005). Characterization of the cro-ori Region of the Streptococcus thermophilus Virulent Bacteriophage DT1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 1237-1246 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Schiemann, A. H., Rakonjac, J., Callanan, M., Gordon, J., Polzin, K., Lubbers, M. W., O'Toole, P. W. (2004). Essentiality of the Early Transcript in the Replication Origin of the Lactococcal Prolate Phage c2. J. Bacteriol. 186: 8010-8017 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Deutsch, S.-M., Guezenec, S., Piot, M., Foster, S., Lortal, S. (2004). Mur-LH, the Broad-Spectrum Endolysin of Lactobacillus helveticus Temperate Bacteriophage {phi}-0303. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 96-103 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Altermann, E., Henrich, B. (2003). Transcript map of the temperate Lactobacillus gasseri bacteriophage {phi}adh. Microbiology 149: 2987-2999 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rakonjac, J., Ward, L. J. H., Schiemann, A. H., Gardner, P. P., Lubbers, M. W., O'Toole, P. W. (2003). Sequence Diversity and Functional Conservation of the Origin of Replication in Lactococcal Prolate Phages. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 5104-5114 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Christensson, C., Bratt, H., Collins, L. J., Coolbear, T., Holland, R., Lubbers, M. W., O'Toole, P. W., Reid, J. R. (2002). Cloning and Expression of an Oligopeptidase, PepO, with Novel Specificity from Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 (DR20). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 254-262 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Madsen, S. M., Mills, D., Djordjevic, G., Israelsen, H., Klaenhammer, T. R. (2001). Analysis of the Genetic Switch and Replication Region of a P335-Type Bacteriophage with an Obligate Lytic Lifestyle on Lactococcus lactis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 1128-1139 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2010 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»