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Journal of Bacteriology, October 1998, p. 5398-5405, Vol. 180, No. 20
0021-9193/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Analogs of the Autoinducer 3-Oxooctanoyl-Homoserine Lactone Strongly Inhibit Activity of the TraR Protein of Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Jun Zhu,1 John W. Beaber,1 Margret I. Moré,1 Clay Fuqua,2 Anatol Eberhard,3 and Stephen C. Winans1,*

Section of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853,1 Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212,2 and Department of Chemistry, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York 148503

Received 23 March 1998/Accepted 28 July 1998

The TraR and TraI proteins of Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediate cell-density-dependent expression of the Ti plasmid tra regulon. TraI synthesizes the autoinducer pheromone N-(3-oxooctanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C8-HSL), while TraR is an 3-oxo-C8-HSL-responsive transcriptional activator. We have compared the abilities of 3-oxo-C8-HSL and 32 related compounds to activate expression of a TraR-regulated promoter. In a strain that expresses wild-type levels of TraR, only 3-oxo-C8-HSL was strongly stimulatory, four compounds were detectably active only at high concentrations, and the remaining 28 compounds were inactive. Furthermore, many of these compounds were potent antagonists. In contrast, almost all of these compounds were stimulatory in a congenic strain that overexpresses TraR and no compound was a potent antagonist. We propose a model in which autoinducers enhance the affinity of TraR either for other TraR monomers or for DNA binding sites and that overexpression of TraR potentiates this interaction by mass action. Wild-type A. tumefaciens released a rather broad spectrum of autoinducers, including several that antagonize induction of a wild-type strain. However, under all conditions tested, 3-oxo-C8-HSL was more abundant than any other analog, indicating that other released autoinducers do not interfere with tra gene induction. We conclude that (i) in wild-type strains, only 3-oxo-C8-HSL significantly stimulates tra gene expression, while many autoinducer analogs are potent antagonists; (ii) TraR overexpression increases agonistic activity of autoinducer analogs, allowing sensitive biodetection of many autoinducers; and (iii) autoinducer stimulatory activity is potentiated by TraR overproduction, suggesting that autoinducers may shift an equilibrium between TraR monomers and dimers or oligomers. When autoinducer specificities of other quorum-sensing proteins are tested, care should be taken not to overexpress those proteins.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Section of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Phone: (607) 255-2413. Fax: (607) 255-3904. E-mail: scw2{at}cornell.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology, October 1998, p. 5398-5405, Vol. 180, No. 20
0021-9193/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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