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Journal of Bacteriology, December 1998, p. 6625-6634, Vol. 180, No. 24
0021-9193/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Topological Analysis of the Aerobic Membrane-Bound Formate Dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli

Stéphane Benoit, Hafid Abaibou,dagger and Marie-Andrée Mandrand-Berthelot*

Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Microorganismes et des Interactions Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5577, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France

Besides formate dehydrogenase N (FDH-N), which is involved in the major anaerobic respiratory pathway in the presence of nitrate, Escherichia coli synthesizes a second isoenzyme, called FDH-O, whose physiological role is to ensure rapid adaptation during a shift from aerobiosis to anaerobiosis. FDH-O is a membrane-bound enzyme complex composed of three subunits, alpha  (FdoG), beta  (FdoH), and gamma  (FdoI), which exhibit high sequence similarity to the equivalent polypeptides of FDH-N. The topology of these three subunits has been studied by using blaM (beta -lactamase) gene fusions. A collection of 47 different randomly generated Fdo-BlaM fusions, 4 site-specific fusions, and 3 sandwich fusions were isolated along the entire sequence of the three subunits. In contrast to previously reported predictions from sequence analysis, our data suggested that the alpha beta catalytic dimer is located in the cytoplasm, with a C-terminal anchor for beta  protruding into the periplasm. As expected, the gamma  subunit, which specifies cytochrome b, was shown to cross the cytoplasmic membrane four times, with the N and C termini exposed to the cytoplasm. Protease digestion studies of the 35S-labelled FDH-O heterotrimer in spheroplasts add further support to this model. Consistently, prior studies regarding the bioenergetic function of formate dehydrogenase provided evidence for a mechanism in which formate is oxidized in the cytoplasm.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Microorganismes et des Interactions Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5577, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Bâtiment 406, 20, avenue Albert Einstein, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France. Phone: (33) 4 72 43 81 91. Fax: (33) 4 72 43 87 14. E-mail: mandrand{at}insa.insa-lyon.fr.

dagger Present address: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350.

Journal of Bacteriology, December 1998, p. 6625-6634, Vol. 180, No. 24
0021-9193/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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