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J Bacteriol, April 1998, p. 1939-1943, Vol. 180, No. 7
0021-9193/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Functions Encoded by Pyrrolnitrin Biosynthetic Genes from Pseudomonas fluorescens

Sabine Kirner,1 Philip E. Hammer,2 D. Steven Hill,2 Annett Altmann,3 Ilona Fischer,3 Laura J. Weislo,4 Mike Lanahan,4 Karl-Heinz van Pée,3 and James M. Ligon2,*

Novartis Crop Protection, Inc.,2 and Novartis Seeds, Inc.,4 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, and Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Hohenheim, D-70593 Stuttgart,1 and Institut für Biochemie, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden,3 Germany

Received 11 August 1997/Accepted 13 January 1998

Pyrrolnitrin is a secondary metabolite derived from tryptophan and has strong antifungal activity. Recently we described four genes, prnABCD, from Pseudomonas fluorescens that encode the biosynthesis of pyrrolnitrin. In the work presented here, we describe the function of each prn gene product. The four genes encode proteins identical in size and serology to proteins present in wild-type Pseudomonas fluorescens, but absent from a mutant from which the entire prn gene region had been deleted. The prnA gene product catalyzes the chlorination of L-tryptophan to form 7-chloro-L-tryptophan. The prnB gene product catalyzes a ring rearrangement and decarboxylation to convert 7-chloro-L-tryptophan to monodechloroaminopyrrolnitrin. The prnC gene product chlorinates monodechloroaminopyrrolnitrin at the 3 position to form aminopyrrolnitrin. The prnD gene product catalyzes the oxidation of the amino group of aminopyrrolnitrin to a nitro group to form pyrrolnitrin. The organization of the prn genes in the operon is identical to the order of the reactions in the biosynthetic pathway.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Novartis Crop Protection, Inc., 3054 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Phone: (919) 541-8645. Fax: (919) 541-8557. E-mail: james.ligon{at}cp.novartis.com.




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