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J Bacteriol, April 1998, p. 1995-2004, Vol. 180, No. 8
0021-9193/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Identification of the &OHgr;4400 Regulatory Region, a Developmental Promoter of Myxococcus xanthus

Janine P. Brandner and Lee Kroos*

Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824

Received 2 October 1997/Accepted 11 February 1998

Omega 4400 is the site of a Tn5 lac insertion in the Myxococcus xanthus genome that fuses lacZ expression to a developmentally regulated promoter. Cell-cell interactions that occur during development, including C signaling, are required for normal expression of Tn5 lac Omega 4400. The DNA upstream of the Omega 4400 insertion has been cloned, the promoter has been localized, and a partial open reading frame has been identified. From the deduced amino acid sequence of the partial open reading frame, the gene disrupted by Tn5 lac Omega 4400 may encode a protein with an ATP- or GTP-binding site. Expression of the gene begins 6 to 12 h after starvation initiates development, as measured by beta -galactosidase production in cells containing Tn5 lac Omega 4400. The putative transcriptional start site was mapped, and deletion analysis has shown that DNA downstream of -101 bp is sufficient for C-signal-dependent, developmental activation of this promoter. A deletion to -76 bp eliminated promoter activity, suggesting the involvement of an upstream activator protein. The promoter may be transcribed by RNA polymerase containing a novel sigma factor, since a mutation in the M. xanthus sigB or sigC gene did not affect Tn5 lac Omega 4400 expression and the DNA sequence upstream of the transcriptional start site did not match the sequence of any M. xanthus promoter transcribed by a known form of RNA polymerase. However, the Omega 4400 promoter does contain the sequence 5'-CATCCCT-3' centered at -49 and the C-signal-dependent Omega 4403 promoter also contains this sequence at the same position. Moreover, the two promoters match at five of six positions in the -10 regions, suggesting that these promoters may share one or more transcription factors. These results begin to define the cis-acting regulatory elements important for cell-cell interaction-dependent gene expression during the development of a multicellular prokaryote.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824. Phone: (517) 355-9726. Fax: (517) 353-9334. E-mail: kroos{at}pilot.msu.edu.




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