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J Bacteriol, April 1998, p. 2137-2143, Vol. 180, No. 8
0021-9193/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

PPi-Dependent Phosphofructokinase from Thermoproteus tenax, an Archaeal Descendant of an Ancient Line in Phosphofructokinase Evolution

Bettina Siebers,1,* Hans-Peter Klenk,2 and Reinhard Hensel1

FB 9 Mikrobiologie, Universität GH Essen, D-45117 Essen,1 and Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen,2 Germany

Received 17 November 1997/Accepted 12 February 1998

Flux into the glycolytic pathway of most cells is controlled via allosteric regulation of the irreversible, committing step catalyzed by ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase (PFK) (ATP-PFK; EC 2.7.1.11), the key enzyme of glycolysis. In some organisms, the step is catalyzed by PPi-dependent PFK (PPi-PFK; EC 2.7.1.90), which uses PPi instead of ATP as the phosphoryl donor, conserving ATP and rendering the reaction reversible under physiological conditions. We have determined the enzymic properties of PPi-PFK from the anaerobic, hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermoproteus tenax, purified the enzyme to homogeneity, and sequenced the gene. The ~100-kDa PPi-PFK from T. tenax consists of 37-kDa subunits; is not regulated by classical effectors of ATP-PFKs such as ATP, ADP, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, or metabolic intermediates; and shares 20 to 50% sequence identity with known PFK enzymes. Phylogenetic analyses of biochemically characterized PFKs grouped the enzymes into three monophyletic clusters: PFK group I represents only classical ATP-PFKs from Bacteria and Eucarya; PFK group II contains only PPi-PFKs from the genus Propionibacterium, plants, and amitochondriate protists; whereas group III consists of PFKs with either cosubstrate specificity, i.e., the PPi-dependent enzymes from T. tenax and Amycolatopsis methanolica and the ATP-PFK from Streptomyces coelicolor. Comparative analyses of the pattern of conserved active-site residues strongly suggest that the group III PFKs originally bound PPi as a cosubstrate.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: FB 9 Mikrobiologie, Universität GH Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45117 Essen, Germany. Phone: 49-201-183-3442. Fax: 49-201-1833990. E-mail: bettina.siebers{at}uni-essen.de.




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