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Journal of Bacteriology, May 1999, p. 3226-3237, Vol. 181, No. 10
0021-9193/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Amino Acid Biosynthesis in the Halophilic Archaeon Haloarcula hispanica

Michel Hochuli,¹ Heiko Patzelt,^2, Dieter Oesterhelt,² Kurt Wüthrich,¹ and Thomas Szyperski^1,*

Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biophysik, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland,¹ and Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany²

Received 23 December 1998/Accepted 19 March 1999

Biosynthesis of proteinogenic amino acids in the extremely halophilic archaeon Haloarcula hispanica was explored by using biosynthetically directed fractional ¹³C labeling with a mixture of 90% unlabeled and 10% uniformly ¹³C-labeled glycerol. The resulting ¹³C-labeling patterns in the amino acids were analyzed by two-dimensional ¹³C,¹H correlation spectroscopy. The experimental data provided evidence for a split pathway for isoleucine biosynthesis, with 56% of the total Ile originating from threonine and pyruvate via the threonine pathway and 44% originating from pyruvate and acetyl coenzyme A via the pyruvate pathway. In addition, the diaminopimelate pathway involving diaminopimelate dehydrogenase was shown to lead to lysine biosynthesis and an analysis of the ¹³C-labeling pattern in tyrosine indicated novel biosynthetic pathways that have so far not been further characterized. For the 17 other proteinogenic amino acids, the data were consistent with data for commonly found biosynthetic pathways. A comparison of our data with the amino acid metabolisms of eucarya and bacteria supports the theory that pathways for synthesis of proteinogenic amino acids were established before ancient cells diverged into archaea, bacteria, and eucarya.

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^* Corresponding author. Present address: Dept. of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, 816 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000. Phone: (716) 645-6800. Fax: (716) 645-7338. E-mail: szypersk{at}acsu.buffalo.edu.

Present address: College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Oman.

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Journal of Bacteriology, May 1999, p. 3226-3237, Vol. 181, No. 10
0021-9193/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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