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Journal of Bacteriology, June 1999, p. 3330-3340, Vol. 181, No. 11
0021-9193/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mid2p Is a Potential Cell
Wall Stress Sensor and Upstream Activator of the
PKC1-MPK1 Cell Integrity Pathway
Troy
Ketela,
Robin
Green, and
Howard
Bussey*
Department of Biology, McGill University,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1B1
Received 20 January 1999/Accepted 15 March 1999
The MID2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
encodes a protein with structural features indicative of a plasma
membrane-associated cell wall sensor. MID2 was isolated as
a multicopy activator of the Skn7p transcription factor. Deletion of
MID2 causes resistance to calcofluor white, diminished
production of stress-induced cell wall chitin under a variety of
conditions, and changes in growth rate and viability in a number of
different cell wall biosynthesis mutants. Overexpression of
MID2 causes hyperaccumulation of chitin and increased
sensitivity to calcofluor white.
-Factor hypersensitivity of
mid2
mutants can be suppressed by overexpression of
upstream elements of the cell integrity pathway, including
PKC1, RHO1, WSC1, and
WSC2. Mid2p and Wsc1p appear to have overlapping roles in
maintaining cell integrity since mid2
wsc1
mutants
are inviable on medium that does not contain osmotic support. A role
for MID2 in the cell integrity pathway is further supported
by the finding that MID2 is required for induction of Mpk1p
tyrosine phosphorylation during exposure to
-factor, calcofluor
white, or high temperature. Our data are consistent with a role for
Mid2p in sensing cell wall stress and in activation of a response that
includes both increased chitin synthesis and the Mpk1p
mitogen-activated protein kinase cell integrity pathway. In addition,
we have identified an open reading frame, MTL1, which
encodes a protein with both structural and functional similarity to Mid2p.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1B1. Phone: 1-514-398-6439. Fax: 1-514-398-8051. E-mail: hbussey{at}monod.biol.mcgill.ca.
Journal of Bacteriology, June 1999, p. 3330-3340, Vol. 181, No. 11
0021-9193/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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