Analysis of Peptidoglycan Structure from Vegetative Cells of Bacillus subtilis 168 and Role of PBP 5 in Peptidoglycan Maturation

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Journal of Bacteriology, July 1999, p. 3956-3966, Vol. 181, No. 13
0021-9193/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Analysis of Peptidoglycan Structure from Vegetative Cells of Bacillus subtilis 168 and Role of PBP 5 in Peptidoglycan Maturation

Abdelmadjid Atrih,¹ Gerold Bacher,² Günter Allmaier,² Michael P. Williamson,¹ and Simon J. Foster¹^,^*

Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom,¹ and Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria²

Received 1 March 1999/Accepted 26 April 1999

The composition and fine structure of the vegetative cell wall peptidoglycan from Bacillus subtilis were determined by analysisof its constituent muropeptides. The structures of 39 muropeptides,representing 97% of the total peptidoglycan, were elucidated.About 99% analyzed muropeptides in B. subtilis vegetative cellpeptidoglycan have the free carboxylic group of diaminopimelicacid amidated. Anhydromuropeptides and products missing a glucosamineat the nonreducing terminus account for 0.4 and 1.5%, respectively,of the total muropeptides. These two types of muropeptides aresuggested to end glycan strands. An unexpected feature of B. subtilismuropeptides was the occurrence of a glycine residue in position5 of the peptide side chain on monomers or oligomers, which accountfor 2.7% of the total muropeptides. This amount is, however, dependenton the composition of the growth media. Potential attachment sitesfor anionic polymers to peptidoglycan occur on dominant muropeptidesand account for 2.1% of the total. B. subtilis peptidoglycan isincompletely digested by lysozyme due to de-N-acetylation of glucosamine,which occurs on 17.3% of muropeptides. The cross-linking indexof the polymer changes with the growth phase. It is highest inlate stationary phase, with a value of 33.2 or 44% per muramicacid residue, as determined by reverse-phase high-pressure liquidchromatography or gel filtration, respectively. Analysis of themuropeptide composition of a dacA (PBP 5) mutant shows a dramaticdecrease of muropeptides with tripeptide side chains and an increaseor appearance of muropeptides with pentapeptide side chains inmonomers or oligomers. The total muropeptides with pentapeptideside chains accounts for almost 82% in the dacA mutant. This majorlow-molecular-weight PBP (DD-carboxypeptidase) is suggested toplay a role in peptidoglycanmaturation.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court,Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 114222 4411. Fax: 44 114 272 8697. E-mail: s.foster{at}sheffield.ac.uk.

Journal of Bacteriology, July 1999, p. 3956-3966, Vol. 181, No. 13
0021-9193/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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