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Journal of Bacteriology, August 1999, p. 4995-5003, Vol. 181, No. 16
0021-9193/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Regulation of the lic Operon of Bacillus subtilis and Characterization of Potential Phosphorylation Sites of the LicR Regulator Protein by Site-Directed Mutagenesis

Steffen Tobisch,1 Jörg Stülke,2 and Michael Hecker1,*

Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald,1 and Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Biochemie und Genetik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen,2 Germany

Received 1 February 1999/Accepted 2 June 1999

The lic operon of Bacillus subtilis is required for the transport and degradation of oligomeric beta -glucosides, which are produced by extracellular enzymes on substrates such as lichenan or barley glucan. The lic operon is transcribed from a sigma A-dependent promoter and is inducible by lichenan, lichenan hydrolysate, and cellobiose. Induction of the operon requires a DNA sequence with dyad symmetry located immediately upstream of the licBCAH promoter. Expression of the lic operon is positively controlled by the LicR regulator protein, which contains two potential helix-turn-helix motifs, two phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) regulation domains (PRDs), and a domain similar to PTS enzyme IIA (EIIA). The activity of LicR is stimulated by modification (probably phosphorylation) of both PRD-I and PRD-II by the general PTS components and is negatively regulated by modification (probably phosphorylation) of its EIIA domain by the specific EIILic in the absence of oligomeric beta -glucosides. This was shown by the analysis of licR mutants affected in potential phosphorylation sites. Moreover, the lic operon is subject to carbon catabolite repression (CCR). CCR takes place via a CcpA-dependent mechanism and a CcpA-independent mechanism in which the general PTS enzyme HPr is involved.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49(0)3834-864200. Fax: 49(0)3834-864202. E-mail: hecker{at}microbio7.biologie.uni-greifswald.de.

Journal of Bacteriology, August 1999, p. 4995-5003, Vol. 181, No. 16
0021-9193/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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