This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Kofoid, E. Articles by Roth, J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Kofoid, E. Articles by Roth, J.

Journal of Bacteriology, September 1999, p. 5317-5329, Vol. 181, No. 17
0021-9193/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

The 17-Gene Ethanolamine (eut) Operon of Salmonella typhimurium Encodes Five Homologues of Carboxysome Shell Proteins

Eric Kofoid, Chad Rappleye, Igor Stojiljkovic, and John Roth^*

Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112

Received 7 April 1999/Accepted 18 June 1999

The eut operon of Salmonella typhimurium encodes proteins involved in the cobalamin-dependent degradation of ethanolamine. Previous genetic analysis revealed six eut genes that are needed for aerobic use of ethanolamine; one (eutR), encodes a positive regulator which mediates induction of the operon by vitamin B₁₂ plus ethanolamine. The DNA sequence of the eut operon included 17 genes, suggesting a more complex pathway than that revealed genetically. We have correlated an open reading frame in the sequence with each of the previously identified genes. Nonpolar insertion and deletion mutations made with the Tn10-derived transposable element T-POP showed that at least 10 of the 11 previously undetected eut genes have no Eut phenotype under the conditions tested. Of the dispensable eut genes, five encode apparent homologues of proteins that serve (in other organisms) as shell proteins of the carboxysome. This bacterial organelle, found in photosynthetic and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, may contribute to CO₂ fixation by concentrating CO₂ and excluding oxygen. The presence of these homologues in the eut operon of Salmonella suggests that CO₂ fixation may be a feature of ethanolamine catabolism in Salmonella.

---

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112. Phone: (801) 581-6517. Fax: (801) 585-6207. E-mail: Roth{at}bioscience.utah.edu.

Present address: Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.

Present address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322.

---

Journal of Bacteriology, September 1999, p. 5317-5329, Vol. 181, No. 17
0021-9193/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Parsons, J. B., Dinesh, S. D., Deery, E., Leech, H. K., Brindley, A. A., Heldt, D., Frank, S., Smales, C. M., Lunsdorf, H., Rambach, A., Gass, M. H., Bleloch, A., McClean, K. J., Munro, A. W., Rigby, S. E. J., Warren, M. J., Prentice, M. B. (2008). Biochemical and Structural Insights into Bacterial Organelle Form and Biogenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 14366-14375 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Price, G. D., Badger, M. R., Woodger, F. J., Long, B. M. (2008). Advances in understanding the cyanobacterial CO2-concentrating-mechanism (CCM): functional components, Ci transporters, diversity, genetic regulation and prospects for engineering into plants. J Exp Bot 59: 1441-1461 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tanaka, S., Kerfeld, C. A., Sawaya, M. R., Cai, F., Heinhorst, S., Cannon, G. C., Yeates, T. O. (2008). Atomic-Level Models of the Bacterial Carboxysome Shell. Science 319: 1083-1086 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Islam, T., Jensen, S., Reigstad, L. J., Larsen, O., Birkeland, N.-K. (2008). Methane oxidation at 55{degrees}C and pH 2 by a thermoacidophilic bacterium belonging to the Verrucomicrobia phylum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 300-304 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Long, B. M., Badger, M. R., Whitney, S. M., Price, G. D. (2007). Analysis of Carboxysomes from Synechococcus PCC7942 Reveals Multiple Rubisco Complexes with Carboxysomal Proteins CcmM and CcaA. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 29323-29335 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fink, R. C., Evans, M. R., Porwollik, S., Vazquez-Torres, A., Jones-Carson, J., Troxell, B., Libby, S. J., McClelland, M., Hassan, H. M. (2007). FNR Is a Global Regulator of Virulence and Anaerobic Metabolism in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (ATCC 14028s). J. Bacteriol. 189: 2262-2273 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kane, S. R., Chakicherla, A. Y., Chain, P. S. G., Schmidt, R., Shin, M. W., Legler, T. C., Scow, K. M., Larimer, F. W., Lucas, S. M., Richardson, P. M., Hristova, K. R. (2007). Whole-Genome Analysis of the Methyl tert-Butyl Ether-Degrading Beta-Proteobacterium Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1. J. Bacteriol. 189: 1931-1945 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Li, H., O'Sullivan, D. J. (2006). Identification of a nisI Promoter within the nisABCTIP Operon That May Enable Establishment of Nisin Immunity Prior to Induction of the Operon via Signal Transduction. J. Bacteriol. 188: 8496-8503 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kostner, M., Schmidt, B., Bertram, R., Hillen, W. (2006). Generating Tetracycline-Inducible Auxotrophy in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium by Using an Insertion Element and a Hyperactive Transposase.. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 4717-4725 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Buan, N. R., Escalante-Semerena, J. C. (2006). Purification and Initial Biochemical Characterization of ATP:Cob(I)alamin Adenosyltransferase (EutT) Enzyme of Salmonella enterica. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 16971-16977 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Buan, N. R., Rehfeld, K., Escalante-Semerena, J. C. (2006). Studies of the CobA-Type ATP:Co(I)rrinoid Adenosyltransferase Enzyme of Methanosarcina mazei Strain Go1.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 3543-3550 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Carkeet, C., Dueker, S. R., Lango, J., Buchholz, B. A., Miller, J. W., Green, R., Hammock, B. D., Roth, J. R., Anderson, P. J. (2006). Human vitamin B12 absorption measurement by accelerator mass spectrometry using specifically labeled 14C-cobalamin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 5694-5699 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Penrod, J. T., Roth, J. R. (2006). Conserving a Volatile Metabolite: a Role for Carboxysome-Like Organelles in Salmonella enterica.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 2865-2874 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brinsmade, S. R., Paldon, T., Escalante-Semerena, J. C. (2005). Minimal Functions and Physiological Conditions Required for Growth of Salmonella enterica on Ethanolamine in the Absence of the Metabolosome. J. Bacteriol. 187: 8039-8046 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Starai, V. J., Garrity, J., Escalante-Semerena, J. C. (2005). Acetate excretion during growth of Salmonella enterica on ethanolamine requires phosphotransacetylase (EutD) activity, and acetate recapture requires acetyl-CoA synthetase (Acs) and phosphotransacetylase (Pta) activities. Microbiology 151: 3793-3801 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kerfeld, C. A., Sawaya, M. R., Tanaka, S., Nguyen, C. V., Phillips, M., Beeby, M., Yeates, T. O. (2005). Protein Structures Forming the Shell of Primitive Bacterial Organelles. Science 309: 936-938 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Price-Carter, M., Fazzio, T. G., Vallbona, E. I., Roth, J. R. (2005). Polyphosphate Kinase Protects Salmonella enterica from Weak Organic Acid Stress. J. Bacteriol. 187: 3088-3099 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gyaneshwar, P., Paliy, O., McAuliffe, J., Popham, D. L., Jordan, M. I., Kustu, S. (2005). Sulfur and Nitrogen Limitation in Escherichia coli K-12: Specific Homeostatic Responses. J. Bacteriol. 187: 1074-1090 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sheppard, D. E., Penrod, J. T., Bobik, T., Kofoid, E., Roth, J. R. (2004). Evidence that a B12-Adenosyl Transferase Is Encoded within the Ethanolamine Operon of Salmonella enterica. J. Bacteriol. 186: 7635-7644 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mori, K., Bando, R., Hieda, N., Toraya, T. (2004). Identification of a Reactivating Factor for Adenosylcobalamin-Dependent Ethanolamine Ammonia Lyase. J. Bacteriol. 186: 6845-6854 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Penrod, J. T., Mace, C. C., Roth, J. R. (2004). A pH-Sensitive Function and Phenotype: Evidence that EutH Facilitates Diffusion of Uncharged Ethanolamine in Salmonella enterica. J. Bacteriol. 186: 6885-6890 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Buan, N. R., Suh, S.-J., Escalante-Semerena, J. C. (2004). The eutT Gene of Salmonella enterica Encodes an Oxygen-Labile, Metal-Containing ATP:Corrinoid Adenosyltransferase Enzyme. J. Bacteriol. 186: 5708-5714 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brinsmade, S. R., Escalante-Semerena, J. C. (2004). The eutD Gene of Salmonella enterica Encodes a Protein with Phosphotransacetylase Enzyme Activity. J. Bacteriol. 186: 1890-1892 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• So, A. K.-C., Espie, G. S., Williams, E. B., Shively, J. M., Heinhorst, S., Cannon, G. C. (2004). A Novel Evolutionary Lineage of Carbonic Anhydrase ({varepsilon} Class) Is a Component of the Carboxysome Shell. J. Bacteriol. 186: 623-630 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rodionov, D. A., Vitreschak, A. G., Mironov, A. A., Gelfand, M. S. (2003). Comparative Genomics of the Vitamin B12 Metabolism and Regulation in Prokaryotes. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 41148-41159 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Soupene, E., van Heeswijk, W. C., Plumbridge, J., Stewart, V., Bertenthal, D., Lee, H., Prasad, G., Paliy, O., Charernnoppakul, P., Kustu, S. (2003). Physiological Studies of Escherichia coli Strain MG1655: Growth Defects and Apparent Cross-Regulation of Gene Expression. J. Bacteriol. 185: 5611-5626 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bruggemann, H., Baumer, S., Fricke, W. F., Wiezer, A., Liesegang, H., Decker, I., Herzberg, C., Martinez-Arias, R., Merkl, R., Henne, A., Gottschalk, G. (2003). The genome sequence of Clostridium tetani, the causative agent of tetanus disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 1316-1321 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Badger, M. R., Price, G. D. (2003). CO2 concentrating mechanisms in cyanobacteria: molecular components, their diversity and evolution. J Exp Bot 54: 609-622 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dobson, C. M., Wai, T., Leclerc, D., Kadir, H., Narang, M., Lerner-Ellis, J. P., Hudson, T. J., Rosenblatt, D. S., Gravel, R. A. (2002). Identification of the gene responsible for the cblB complementation group of vitamin B12-dependent methylmalonic aciduria. Hum Mol Genet 11: 3361-3369 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fonseca, M. V., Buan, N. R., Horswill, A. R., Rayment, I., Escalante-Semerena, J. C. (2002). The ATP:Co(I)rrinoid Adenosyltransferase (CobA) Enzyme of Salmonella enterica Requires the 2'-OH Group of ATP for Function and Yields Inorganic Triphosphate as Its Reaction Byproduct. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 33127-33131 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Porwollik, S., Wong, R. M.-Y., McClelland, M. (2002). Evolutionary genomics of Salmonella: Gene acquisitions revealed by microarray analysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 8956-8961 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kapatral, V., Anderson, I., Ivanova, N., Reznik, G., Los, T., Lykidis, A., Bhattacharyya, A., Bartman, A., Gardner, W., Grechkin, G., Zhu, L., Vasieva, O., Chu, L., Kogan, Y., Chaga, O., Goltsman, E., Bernal, A., Larsen, N., D'Souza, M., Walunas, T., Pusch, G., Haselkorn, R., Fonstein, M., Kyrpides, N., Overbeek, R. (2002). Genome Sequence and Analysis of the Oral Bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum Strain ATCC 25586. J. Bacteriol. 184: 2005-2018 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cannon, G. C., Bradburne, C. E., Aldrich, H. C., Baker, S. H., Heinhorst, S., Shively, J. M. (2001). Microcompartments in Prokaryotes: Carboxysomes and Related Polyhedra. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 5351-5361 [Full Text]  
• Price-Carter, M., Tingey, J., Bobik, T. A., Roth, J. R. (2001). The Alternative Electron Acceptor Tetrathionate Supports B12-Dependent Anaerobic Growth of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium on Ethanolamine or 1,2-Propanediol. J. Bacteriol. 183: 2463-2475 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cowles, C. E., Nichols, N. N., Harwood, C. S. (2000). BenR, a XylS Homologue, Regulates Three Different Pathways of Aromatic Acid Degradation in Pseudomonas putida. J. Bacteriol. 182: 6339-6346 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Van Bibber, M., Bradbeer, C., Clark, N., Roth, J. R. (1999). A New Class of Cobalamin Transport Mutants (btuF) Provides Genetic Evidence for a Periplasmic Binding Protein in Salmonella typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 181: 5539-5541 [Abstract] [Full Text]