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Journal of Bacteriology, November 1999, p. 6806-6813, Vol. 181, No. 21
0021-9193/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Role of Crotonyl Coenzyme A Reductase in Determining the Ratio of Polyketides Monensin A and Monensin B Produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis

Haibin Liu1 and Kevin A. Reynolds1,2,*

1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and 2Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219

Received 10 June 1999/Accepted 24 August 1999

The ccr gene, encoding crotonyl coenzyme A (CoA) reductase (CCR), was cloned from Streptomyces cinnamonensis C730.1 and shown to encode a protein with 90% amino acid sequence identity to the CCRs of Streptomyces collinus and Streptomyces coelicolor. A ccr-disrupted mutant, S. cinnamonensis L1, was constructed by inserting the hyg resistance gene into a unique BglII site within the ccr coding region. By use of the ermE* promoter, the S. collinus ccr gene was expressed from plasmids in S. cinnamonensis C730.1/pHL18 and L1/pHL18. CCR activity in mutant L1 was shown to decrease by more than 90% in both yeast extract-malt extract (YEME) medium and a complex fermentation medium, compared to that in wild-type C730.1. Compared to C730.1, mutants C730.1/pHL18 and L1/pHL18 exhibited a huge increase in CCR activity (14- and 13-fold, respectively) in YEME medium and a moderate increase (3.7- and 2.7-fold, respectively) in the complex fermentation medium. In the complex fermentation medium, S. cinnamonensis L1 produced monensins A and B in a ratio of 12:88, dramatically lower than the 50:50 ratio observed for both C730.1 and C730.1/pHL18. Plasmid (pHL18)-based expression of the S. collinus ccr gene in mutant L1 increased the monensin A/monensin B ratio to 42:58. Labeling experiments with [1,2-13C2]acetate demonstrated the same levels of intact incorporation of this material into the butyrate-derived portion of monensin A in both C730.1 and mutant C730.1/pLH18 but a markedly decreased level of such incorporation in mutant L1. The addition of crotonic acid at 15 mM led to significant increases in the monensin A/monensin B ratio in C730.1 and C730.1/pHL18 but had no effect in S. cinnamonensis L1. These results demonstrate that CCR plays a significant role in providing butyryl-CoA for monensin A biosynthesis and is present in wild-type S. cinnamonensis C730.1 at a level sufficient that the availability of the appropriate substrate (crotonyl-CoA) is limiting.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: ISBDD, Suite 212B, 800 East Leigh St., Richmond, VA 23219. Phone: (804) 828-5679. Fax: (804) 827-3664. E-mail: kareynol{at}hsc.vcu.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology, November 1999, p. 6806-6813, Vol. 181, No. 21
0021-9193/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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