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Journal of Bacteriology, February 1999, p. 799-807, Vol. 181, No. 3
0021-9193/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Coordinate Intracellular Expression of Salmonella Genes Induced during Infection

Douglas M. Heithoff,1 Christopher P. Conner,1 Ute Hentschel,1,dagger Fernando Govantes,1,Dagger Philip C. Hanna,2 and Michael J. Mahan1,*

Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106,1 and Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 277102

Salmonella typhimurium in vivo-induced (ivi) genes were grouped by their coordinate behavior in response to a wide variety of environmental and genetic signals, including pH, Mg2+, Fe2+, and PhoPQ. All of the seven ivi fusions that are induced by both low pH and low Mg2+ (e.g., iviVI-A) are activated by the PhoPQ regulatory system. Iron-responsive ivi fusions include those induced under iron limitation (e.g., entF) as well as one induced by iron excess but only in the absence of PhoP (pdu). Intracellular expression studies showed that each of the pH- and Mg2+-responsive fusions is induced upon entry into and growth within three distinct mammalian cell lines: RAW 264.7 murine macrophages and two cultured human epithelial cell lines: HEp-2 and Henle-407. Each ivi fusion has a characteristic level of induction consistent within all three cell types, suggesting that this class of coordinately expressed ivi genes responds to general intracellular signals that are present both in initial and in progressive stages of infection and may reflect their responses to similar vacuolar microenvironments in these cell types. Investigation of ivi expression patterns reveals not only the inherent versatility of pathogens to express a given gene(s) at various host sites but also the ability to modify their expression within the context of different animal hosts, tissues, cell types, or subcellular compartments.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106. Phone: (805) 893-7160. Fax: (805) 893-4724. E-mail: mahan{at}lifesci.lscf.ucsb.edu.

dagger Present address: Institut für Molekulare Infektionsbiologie, Universität Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany.

Dagger Present address: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1489.

Journal of Bacteriology, February 1999, p. 799-807, Vol. 181, No. 3
0021-9193/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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