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Journal of Bacteriology, June 2000, p. 3210-3218, Vol. 182, No. 11
0021-9193/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Differences in Genotypes of Helicobacter pylori from Different Human Populations

Dangeruta Kersulyte,1 Asish K. Mukhopadhyay,1 Billie Velapatiño,1,2 WanWen Su,1 ZhiJun Pan,1 Claudia Garcia,1,3 Virginia Hernandez,1 Yanet Valdez,1,2 Rajesh S. Mistry,1,4 Robert H. Gilman,2 Yuan Yuan,1,5 Hua Gao,1,5 Teresa Alarcón,6 Manuel López-Brea,6 G. Balakrish Nair,7 Abhijit Chowdhury,7 Simanti Datta,7 Mutsunori Shirai,8 Teruko Nakazawa,8 Reidwaan Ally,4 Isidore Segal,4 Benjamin C. Y. Wong,9 S. K. Lam,9 Farzad O. Olfat,10,11 Thomas Borén,10 Lars Engstrand,11 Olga Torres,3 Roberto Schneider,3 Julian E. Thomas,12 Steven Czinn,13 and Douglas E. Berg1,*

Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri 631101; Department of Pathology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru2; Instituto de Nutricion de Centroamerica y Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala 090013; Division of Gastroenterology, Chris Hani Baragawanath Hospital, Johannesburg 2013, South Africa4; Cancer Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang,5 and Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,9 China; Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain6; National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Calcutta-700010, India7; Department of Microbiology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755, Japan8; Department of Odontology, Umea University, SE-901 85 Umea,10 and Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, SE-171 82 Solna,11 Sweden; Sir James Spence Institute of Child Health, The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom12; and Division of Gastroenterology, Childrens Hospital, Case Western Reserve Medical School, Cleveland, Ohio 4410613

Received 19 January 2000/Accepted 15 March 2000

DNA motifs at several informative loci in more than 500 strains of Helicobacter pylori from five continents were studied by PCR and sequencing to gain insights into the evolution of this gastric pathogen. Five types of deletion, insertion, and substitution motifs were found at the right end of the H. pylori cag pathogenicity island. Of the three most common motifs, type I predominated in Spaniards, native Peruvians, and Guatemalan Ladinos (mixed Amerindian-European ancestry) and also in native Africans and U.S. residents; type II predominated among Japanese and Chinese; and type III predominated in Indians from Calcutta. Sequences in the cagA gene and in vacAm1 type alleles of the vacuolating cytotoxin gene (vacA) of strains from native Peruvians were also more like those from Spaniards than those from Asians. These indications of relatedness of Latin American and Spanish strains, despite the closer genetic relatedness of Amerindian and Asian people themselves, lead us to suggest that H. pylori may have been brought to the New World by European conquerors and colonists about 500 years ago. This thinking, in turn, suggests that H. pylori infection might have become widespread in people quite recently in human evolution.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Microbiology, Campus Box 8230, Washington University Medical School, 4566 Scott Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: (314) 362-2772. Fax: (314) 362-1232 or -3203. E-mail: berg{at}borcim.wustl.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology, June 2000, p. 3210-3218, Vol. 182, No. 11
0021-9193/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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