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Journal of Bacteriology, June 2000, p. 3219-3227, Vol. 182, No. 11
0021-9193/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Distinctiveness of Genotypes of Helicobacter pylori in Calcutta, India

Asish K. Mukhopadhyay,1 Dangeruta Kersulyte,1 Jin-Yong Jeong,1 Simanti Datta,2 Yoshiyuki Ito,1,3 Abhijit Chowdhury,4 Sujit Chowdhury,4 Amal Santra,4 Sujit K. Bhattacharya,2 Takeshi Azuma,3 G. Balakrish Nair,2 and Douglas E. Berg1,*

Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri 63110,1 National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Disease,2 and Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research,4 Calcutta, India, and Second Department of Internal Medicine, Fukui Medical University, Fukui, Japan3

Received 31 January 2000/Accepted 15 March 2000

The genotypes of 78 strains of Helicobacter pylori from Calcutta, India (55 from ulcer patients and 23 from more-benign infections), were studied, with a focus on putative virulence genes and neutral DNA markers that were likely to be phylogenetically informative. PCR tests indicated that 80 to 90% of Calcutta strains carried the cag pathogenicity island (PAI) and potentially toxigenic vacAs1 alleles of the vacuolating cytotoxin gene (vacA), independent of disease status. This was higher than in the West (where cag PAI+ vacAs1 genotypes are disease associated) but lower than in east Asia. The iceA2 gene was weakly disease associated in Calcutta, whereas in the West the alternative but unrelated iceA1 gene at the same locus is weakly disease associated. DNA sequence motifs of vacAm1 (middle region) alleles formed a cluster that was distinct from those of east Asia and the West, whereas the cagA sequences of Calcutta and Western strains were closely related. An internal deletion found in 20% of Calcutta iceA1 genes was not seen in any of ~200 strains studied from other geographic regions and thus seemed to be unique to this H. pylori population. Two mobile DNAs that were rare in east Asian strains were also common in Calcutta. About 90% of Calcutta strains were metronidazole resistant. These findings support the idea that H. pylori gene pools differ regionally and emphasize the potential importance of studies of Indian and other non-Western H. pylori populations in developing a global understanding of this gastric pathogen and associated disease.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Microbiology, Campus Box 8230, Washington University Medical School, 4566 Scott Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: (314) 362-2772. Fax: (314) 362-1232 or -3203. E-mail: berg{at}borcim.wustl.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology, June 2000, p. 3219-3227, Vol. 182, No. 11
0021-9193/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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