Distinctiveness of Genotypes of Helicobacter pylori in Calcutta, India

doi:10.1128/JB.182.11.3219-3227.2000

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Journal of Bacteriology, June 2000, p. 3219-3227, Vol. 182, No. 11
0021-9193/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Distinctiveness of Genotypes of Helicobacter pylori in Calcutta, India

Asish K. Mukhopadhyay,¹ Dangeruta Kersulyte,¹ Jin-Yong Jeong,¹ Simanti Datta,² Yoshiyuki Ito,¹^,³ Abhijit Chowdhury,⁴ Sujit Chowdhury,⁴ Amal Santra,⁴ Sujit K. Bhattacharya,² Takeshi Azuma,³ G. Balakrish Nair,² and Douglas E. Berg¹^,^*

Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri 63110,¹ National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Disease,² and Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research,⁴ Calcutta, India, and Second Department of Internal Medicine, Fukui Medical University, Fukui, Japan³

Received 31 January 2000/Accepted 15 March 2000

The genotypes of 78 strains of Helicobacter pylori from Calcutta, India (55 from ulcer patients and 23 from more-benign infections),were studied, with a focus on putative virulence genes and neutralDNA markers that were likely to be phylogenetically informative.PCR tests indicated that 80 to 90% of Calcutta strains carriedthe cag pathogenicity island (PAI) and potentially toxigenic vacAs1alleles of the vacuolating cytotoxin gene (vacA), independentof disease status. This was higher than in the West (where cagPAI⁺ vacAs1 genotypes are disease associated) but lower than in eastAsia. The iceA2 gene was weakly disease associated in Calcutta,whereas in the West the alternative but unrelated iceA1 gene atthe same locus is weakly disease associated. DNA sequence motifsof vacAm1 (middle region) alleles formed a cluster that was distinctfrom those of east Asia and the West, whereas the cagA sequencesof Calcutta and Western strains were closely related. An internaldeletion found in 20% of Calcutta iceA1 genes was not seen inany of ~200 strains studied from other geographic regions andthus seemed to be unique to this H. pylori population. Two mobileDNAs that were rare in east Asian strains were also common inCalcutta. About 90% of Calcutta strains were metronidazole resistant.These findings support the idea that H. pylori gene pools differregionally and emphasize the potential importance of studies ofIndian and other non-Western H. pylori populations in developinga global understanding of this gastric pathogen and associateddisease.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Microbiology, Campus Box 8230, Washington University MedicalSchool, 4566 Scott Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: (314) 362-2772.Fax: (314) 362-1232 or -3203. E-mail: berg{at}borcim.wustl.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology, June 2000, p. 3219-3227, Vol. 182, No. 11
0021-9193/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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