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Journal of Bacteriology, July 2000, p. 3809-3815, Vol. 182, No. 13
0021-9193/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Physical Morphology and Surface Properties of
Unsaturated Pseudomonas putida Biofilms
Ilene D.
Auerbach,1,2
Cody
Sorensen,2
Helen G.
Hansma,2 and
Patricia
A.
Holden1,*
Donald Bren School of Environmental Science
and Management1 and Department of
Physics,2 University of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106
Received 10 January 2000/Accepted 2 April 2000
Unsaturated biofilms of Pseudomonas putida, i.e.,
biofilms grown in humid air, were analyzed by atomic force microscopy
to determine surface morphology, roughness, and adhesion forces in the
outer and basal cell layers of fresh and desiccated biofilms. Desiccated biofilms were equilibrated with a 75.5% relative humidity atmosphere, which is far below the relative humidity of 98 to 99% at
which these biofilms were cultured. In sharp contrast to the effects of
drying on biofilms grown in fluid, we observed that drying caused
little change in morphology, roughness, or adhesion forces in these
unsaturated biofilms. Surface roughness for moist and dry biofilms
increased approximately linearly with increasing scan sizes. This
indicated that the divides between bacteria contributed more to overall
roughness than did extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on
individual bacteria. The EPS formed higher-order structures we termed
mesostructures. These mesostructures are much larger than the discrete
polymers of glycolipids and proteins that have been previously
characterized on the outer surface of these gram-negative bacteria.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: 4670 Physical
Sciences Building North, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106. Phone: (805) 893-3195. Fax: (805) 893-7612. E-mail:
holden{at}bren.ucsb.edu.
Journal of Bacteriology, July 2000, p. 3809-3815, Vol. 182, No. 13
0021-9193/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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