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Journal of Bacteriology, July 2000, p. 4096-4100, Vol. 182, No. 14
0021-9193/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Chromosomal and Extrachromosomal Synthesis of Exfoliative Toxin from Staphylococcus hyicus

Hisaaki Sato,1,* Takao Watanabe,1 Kohichi Higuchi,1 Kuniaki Teruya,1 Ayumi Ohtake,1 Yasuko Murata,1 Hiroshi Saito,2 Chikara Aizawa,2 Hirofumi Danbara,3 and Nobutoshi Maehara1

Department of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628,1 and The Kitasato Institute2 and Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University,3 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan

Received 14 October 1998/Accepted 24 April 2000

Evidence for the existence of two molecular species of exfoliative toxin (ET) synthesized by Staphylococcus hyicus (SHET) under chromosomal and plasmid control is presented. Serological evidence that these molecular species of toxins are distinct from each other is given. The molecular weights of SHET from plasmidless strain P-1 (SHETA) and from plasmid-carrying strains P-10 and P-23 (SHETB) were almost equal. Both of the serotypes of SHET exhibited exfoliation in 1-day-old chickens. The plasmid-cured (P-) substrains (P-23C1 and P-23C2) of S. hyicus P-23 did not cause exfoliation in 1-day-old chickens, whereas P- substrains (P-10C1 and P-10C2) of strain P-10 caused exfoliation, but they decreased their exfoliative activity. These findings suggest that SHETB was synthesized along with SHETA by strain P-10, whereas the P-23 strain synthesized SHETB alone. The plasmid-carrying strain (P-23) as well as the plasmidless strain (P-1) exhibited the typical clinical signs of exudative epidermitis in pigs. However, plasmid-cured (P-) substrains of P-23 (P23C1 and P23C2) did not exhibit the typical clinical signs of exudative epidermitis. These findings suggest that SHETA is synthesized under chromosomal control and SHETB is synthesized under plasmid control and that SHET-producing strains can be divided into three groups: SHETA-producing strains, SHETB-producing strains, and strains producing both toxins.


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan. Phone: 81-176-23-4371. Fax: 81-176-23-8703. E-mail: satoh{at}vmas.kitasato-u.ac.jp.


Journal of Bacteriology, July 2000, p. 4096-4100, Vol. 182, No. 14
0021-9193/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.



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