Novel Formaldehyde-Activating Enzyme in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 Required for Growth on Methanol

doi:10.1128/JB.182.23.6645-6650.2000

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Journal of Bacteriology, December 2000, p. 6645-6650, Vol. 182, No. 23
0021-9193/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Novel Formaldehyde-Activating Enzyme in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 Required for Growth on Methanol

Julia A. Vorholt,¹^,^* Christopher J. Marx,² Mary E. Lidstrom,²^,³ and Rudolf K. Thauer¹

Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany,¹ and Department of Microbiology² and Department of Chemical Engineering,³ University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195

Received 22 June 2000/Accepted 21 September 2000

Formaldehyde is toxic for all organisms from bacteria to humans due to its reactivity with biological macromolecules. Organismsthat grow aerobically on single-carbon compounds such as methanoland methane face a special challenge in this regard because formaldehydeis a central metabolic intermediate during methylotrophic growth.In the $alpha$ -proteobacterium Methylobacterium extorquens AM1, we founda previously unknown enzyme that efficiently catalyzes the removalof formaldehyde: it catalyzes the condensation of formaldehydeand tetrahydromethanopterin to methylene tetrahydromethanopterin,a reaction which also proceeds spontaneously, but at a lower ratethan that of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Formaldehyde-activatingenzyme (Fae) was purified from M. extorquens AM1 and found tobe one of the major proteins in the cytoplasm. The encoding geneis located within a cluster of genes for enzymes involved in thefurther oxidation of methylene tetrahydromethanopterin to CO₂.Mutants of M. extorquens AM1 defective in Fae were able to growon succinate but not on methanol and were much more sensitivetoward methanol and formaldehyde. Uncharacterized orthologs tothis enzyme are predicted to be encoded by uncharacterized genesfrom archaea, indicating that this type of enzyme occurs outsidethe methylotrophicbacteria.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse, D-35043Marburg, Germany. Phone: (49) 6421-178333. Fax: (49) 6421-178209.E-mail: vorholt{at}mailer.uni-marburg.de.

Journal of Bacteriology, December 2000, p. 6645-6650, Vol. 182, No. 23
0021-9193/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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