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Journal of Bacteriology, May 2001, p. 2971-2978, Vol. 183, No. 10
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.10.2971-2978.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Divergence in Fitness and Evolution of Drug Resistance in Experimental Populations of Candida albicans

Leah E. Cowen,* Linda M. Kohn, and James B. Anderson

Department of Botany, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6

Received 4 December 2000/Accepted 26 February 2001

The dissemination and persistence of drug-resistant organisms in nature depends on the relative fitness of sensitive and resistant genotypes. While resistant genotypes are expected to be at an advantage compared to less resistant genotypes in the presence of drug, resistance may incur a cost; resistant genotypes may be at a disadvantage in the absence of drug. We measured the fitness of replicate experimental populations of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans founded from a single progenitor cell in a previous study (L. E. Cowen, D. Sanglard, D. Calabrese, C. Sirjusingh, J. B. Anderson, and L. M. Kohn, J. Bacteriol. 182:1515-1522, 2000) and evolved in the presence, and in the absence, of the antifungal agent fluconazole. Fitness was measured both in the presence and in the absence of fluconazole by placing each evolved population in direct competition with the drug-sensitive ancestor and measuring the reproductive output of each competitor in the mixture. Populations evolved in the presence of drug diverged in fitness. Any significant cost of resistance, indicated by reduced fitness in the absence of drug, was eliminated with further evolution. Populations evolved in the absence of drug showed more uniform increases in fitness under both conditions. Fitness in the competition assays was not predicted by measurements of the MICs, doubling times, or stationary-phase cell densities of the competitors in isolation, suggesting the importance of interactions between mixed genotypes in competitions.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Botany, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd. North, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6. Phone: (905) 828-5338. Fax: (905) 828-3792. E-mail: lcowen{at}credit.erin.utoronto.ca.

Journal of Bacteriology, May 2001, p. 2971-2978, Vol. 183, No. 10
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.10.2971-2978.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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