Characterization of fsr, a Regulator Controlling Expression of Gelatinase and Serine Protease in Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF

doi:10.1128/JB.183.11.3372-3382.2001

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Journal of Bacteriology, June 2001, p. 3372-3382, Vol. 183, No. 11
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.11.3372-3382.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Characterization of fsr, a Regulator Controlling Expression of Gelatinase and Serine Protease in Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF

Xiang Qin,¹^,² Kavindra V. Singh,¹^,² George M. Weinstock,¹^,² and Barbara E. Murray¹^,²^,³^,^*

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine,¹ Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics,³ and Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens,² University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030

Received 8 November 2000/Accepted 13 March 2001

We have previously identified a locus, fsr, a homologue of staphylococcal agr loci, which positively regulates the expressionof gelatinase and serine protease (encoded by gelE and sprE, respectively)in Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF. The expression of the three genesin the fsr locus, fsrA, fsrB, and fsrC, appears to be autoregulated,and we have shown that mutants with insertion disruptions in eachof these three genes were significantly attenuated in a mouseperitonitis model compared to the parent strain. In the presentstudy, we showed that fsrB and fsrC are highly expressed in thepostexponential growth phase and that their expression is celldensity dependent. Reverse transcriptase PCR using primers coveringthe intergenic regions in the fsr/gelE loci confirmed that fsrBand fsrC, as well as gelE and sprE, are cotranscribed. We alsoshowed, using a nonpolar fsrB deletion mutant, that fsrB, thehomologue of agrB of staphylococci with unknown function, is requiredfor the regulatory function of fsr. Primer extension and analysisof transcriptional fusions indicated the presence of promotersimmediately upstream of fsrA, of fsrB, and of gelE and that thefsrB and gelE promoters are fsr dependent, while the fsrA promoteris an fsr-independent weak constitutive promoter. Two conserved7-bp direct repeats were found immediately upstream of the fsrBand gelE promoters, similar to the repeats found upstream of P2and P3 promoters of the agr locus; deletions and mutations inthe repeated sequences completely abolished the fsrB and gelEpromoter activities, suggesting that the repeats are importantfor the regulatory function in the fsrB and gelE promoterregions.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Division of InfectiousDiseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas MedicalSchool at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030. Phone:(713) 500-6767. Fax: (713) 500-5495. E-mail: Barbara.E.Murray{at}uth.tmc.edu.

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