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Journal of Bacteriology, June 2001, p. 3399-3407, Vol. 183, No. 11
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.11.3399-3407.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Identification and Characterization of a Second Superoxide Dismutase Gene (sodM) from Staphylococcus aureus

Michelle Wright Valderas and Mark E. Hart*

Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas 76107-2699

Received 19 January 2001/Accepted 21 March 2001

A gene encoding superoxide dismutase (SOD), sodM, from S. aureus was cloned and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence specifies a 187-amino-acid protein with 75% identity to the S. aureus SodA protein. Amino acid sequence comparisons with known SODs and relative insensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and potassium cyanide indicate that SodM most likely uses manganese (Mn) as a cofactor. The sodM gene expressed from a plasmid rescued an Escherichia coli double mutant (sodA sodB) under conditions that are otherwise lethal. SOD activity gels of S. aureus RN6390 whole-cell lysates revealed three closely migrating bands of activity. The two upper bands were absent in a sodM mutant, while the two lower bands were absent in a sodA mutant. Thus, the middle band of activity most likely represents a SodM-SodA hybrid protein. All three bands of activity increased as highly aerated cultures entered the late exponential phase of growth, SodM more so than SodA. Viability of the sodA and sodM sodA mutants but not the sodM mutant was drastically reduced under oxidative stress conditions generated by methyl viologen (MV) added during the early exponential phase of growth. However, only the viability of the sodM sodA mutant was reduced when MV was added during the late exponential and stationary phases of growth. These data indicate that while SodA may be the major SOD activity in S. aureus throughout all stages of growth, SodM, under oxidative stress, becomes a major source of activity during the late exponential and stationary phases of growth such that viability and growth of an S. aureus sodA mutant are maintained.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699. Phone: (817) 735-2110. Fax: (817) 735-2118. E-mail: mhart{at}hsc.unt.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology, June 2001, p. 3399-3407, Vol. 183, No. 11
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.11.3399-3407.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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