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Journal of Bacteriology, June 2001, p. 3721-3728, Vol. 183, No. 12
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.12.3721-3728.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Unusual Methyl-Branched alpha ,beta -Unsaturated Acyl Chain Substitutions in the Nod Factors of an Arctic Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium sp. Strain N33 (Oxytropis arctobia)

Véréna Poinsot,1 Elaine Bélanger,2 Serge Laberge,2 Guo-Ping Yang,3 Hani Antoun,4 Jean Cloutier,2 Michel Treilhou,1 Jean Dénarié,3 Jean-Claude Promé,1 and Frédéric Debellé3,*

Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires-Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique, UPS-CNRS, 31062 Toulouse Cedex,1 and Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire des Relations Plantes-Microorganismes, INRA-CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex,3 France, and Centre de Recherches et de Développement sur les Sols et les Grandes Cultures, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V2J3,2 and Département des Sols et de Génie Agroalimentaire, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1K7P44

Received 7 December 2000/Accepted 27 March 2001

Mesorhizobium sp. strain N33 (Oxytropis arctobia), a rhizobial strain isolated in arctic Canada, is able to fix nitrogen at very low temperatures in association with a few arctic legume species belonging to the genera Astragalus, Onobrychis, and Oxytropis. Using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we have determined the structure of N33 Nod factors, which are major determinants of nodulation. They are pentameric lipochito-oligosaccharides 6-O sulfated at the reducing end and exhibit other original substitutions: 6-O acetylation of the glucosamine residue next to the nonreducing terminal glucosamine and N acylation of the nonreducing terminal glucosamine by methyl-branched acyl chains of the iso series, some of which are alpha ,beta unsaturated. These unusual substitutions may contribute to the peculiar host range of N33. Analysis of N33 whole-cell fatty acids indicated that synthesis of the methyl-branched fatty acids depended on the induction of bacteria by plant flavonoids, suggesting a specific role for these fatty acids in the signaling process between the plant and the bacteria. Synthesis of the methyl-branched alpha ,beta -unsaturated fatty acids required a functional nodE gene.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire des Relations Plantes-Microorganismes, INRA-CNRS, BP27, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France. Phone: 33561285463. Fax: 33561285061. E-mail: debelle{at}toulouse.inra.fr.

Journal of Bacteriology, June 2001, p. 3721-3728, Vol. 183, No. 12
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.12.3721-3728.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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