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Journal of Bacteriology, July 2001, p. 3890-3902, Vol. 183, No. 13
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.13.3890-3902.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Genome-Wide Transcriptional Profiling of the Escherichia coli Responses to Superoxide Stress and Sodium Salicylate

Pablo J. Pomposiello, Marjon H. J. Bennik,dagger and Bruce Demple*

Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115

Received 11 January 2001/Accepted 10 April 2001

Escherichia coli responds to oxidative stress by activating sets of coregulated genes that help the cell to maintain homeostasis. Identified previously by genetic and biochemical approaches, the soxRS system mediates the induction of 18 of these redox-inducible genes (including the soxS gene itself). An overlapping set of genes is activated by an assortment of structurally unrelated molecules with antibiotic activities; many genes in this response are controlled by the marRAB system. The activation of either the soxRS or the marRAB system results in enhanced resistance to both superoxide-generating agents and multiple antibiotics. In order to probe the extent of these regulatory networks, we have measured whole-genome transcriptional profiles of the E. coli response to the superoxide-generating agent paraquat (PQ), an inducer of the soxRS system, and to the weak acid salt sodium salicylate (NaSal), an inducer of the marRA system. A total of 112 genes was modulated in response to PQ, while 134 genes were modulated in response to NaSal. We have also obtained transcriptional profiles of the SoxS and MarA regulons in the absence of global stress, in order to establish the regulatory hierarchies within the global responses. Several previously unrelated genes were shown to be under SoxS or MarA control. The genetic responses to both environmental insults revealed several common themes, including the activation of genes coding for functions that replenish reducing potential; regulate iron transport and storage; and participate in sugar and amino acid transport, detoxification, protein modification, osmotic protection, and peptidoglycan synthesis. A large number of PQ- and NaSal-responsive genes have no known function, suggesting that many adaptive metabolic changes that ensue after stress remain uncharacterized.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115. Phone: (617) 432-3462. Fax: (617) 432-0377. E-mail: bdemple{at}hsph.harvard.edu.

dagger Present address: Agrotechnological Research Institute (ATO), Wageningen University Research Centre, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Journal of Bacteriology, July 2001, p. 3890-3902, Vol. 183, No. 13
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.13.3890-3902.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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