Characterization of the Ustilago maydis sid2 Gene, Encoding a Multidomain Peptide Synthetase in the Ferrichrome Biosynthetic Gene Cluster

doi:10.1128/JB.183.13.4040-4051.2001

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Journal of Bacteriology, July 2001, p. 4040-4051, Vol. 183, No. 13
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.13.4040-4051.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Characterization of the Ustilago maydis sid2 Gene, Encoding a Multidomain Peptide Synthetase in the Ferrichrome Biosynthetic Gene Cluster

Walter M. Yuan,¹^, Guillaume D. Gentil,¹^, Allen D. Budde,²^,^§ and Sally A. Leong¹^,²^,^*

Plant Disease Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture,² and Department of Plant Pathology,¹ University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

Received 20 December 2000/Accepted 10 April 2001

Ustilago maydis, the causal agent of corn smut disease, acquires and transports ferric ion by producing the extracellular,cyclic peptide, hydroxamate siderophores ferrichrome and ferrichromeA. Ferrichrome biosynthesis likely proceeds by hydroxylation andacetylation of L-ornithine, and later steps likely involve covalentlybound thioester intermediates on a multimodular, nonribosomalpeptide synthetase. sid1 encodes L-ornithine N⁵-oxygenase, which catalyzes hydroxylation of L-ornithine, thefirst committed step of ferrichrome and ferrichrome A biosynthesisin U. maydis. In this report we characterize sid2, another biosyntheticgene in the pathway, by gene complementation, gene replacement,DNA sequence, and Northern hybridization analysis. Nucleotidesequencing has revealed that sid2 is located 3.7 kb upstream ofsid1 and encodes an intronless polypeptide of 3,947 amino acidswith three iterated modules of an approximate length of 1,000amino acids each. Multiple motifs characteristic of the nonribosomalpeptide synthetase protein family were identified in each module.A corresponding iron-regulated sid2 transcript of 11 kb was detectedby Northern hybridization analysis. By contrast, constitutiveaccumulation of this large transcript was observed in a mutantcarrying a disruption of urbs1, a zinc finger, GATA family transcriptionfactor previously shown to regulate siderophore biosynthesis inUstilago. Multiple GATA motifs are present in the intergenic regionbetween sid1 and sid2, suggesting bidirectional transcriptionregulation by urbs1 of this pathway. Indeed, mutation of two ofthese motifs, known to be important to regulation of sid1, alteredthe differential regulation of sid2 byiron.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI53706. Phone: (608) 262-5309. Fax: (608) 262-1541. E-mail: sal{at}plantpath.wisc.edu.

Present address: Social Science Experimental Laboratory (SSEL), Division of Social Science, Pasadena, CA91125.

Present address: Department of Second Language Education, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaH3A1Y2.

^§ Present address: USDA-ARS Malt and Barley Laboratory, Madison, WI53706.

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