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Journal of Bacteriology, January 2001, p. 500-511, Vol. 183, No. 2
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.2.500-511.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Evidence for Horizontal Transfer of SsuDAT1I Restriction-Modification Genes to the Streptococcus suis Genome

Tsutomu Sekizaki,1,* Yoshiko Otani,2 Makoto Osaki,1 Daisuke Takamatsu,1 and Yoshihiro Shimoji1

National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856,1 and Kenhoku Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Mito, Ibaraki 310-0002,2 Japan

Received 17 July 2000/Accepted 24 October 2000

Different strains of Streptococcus suis serotypes 1 and 2 isolated from pigs either contained a restriction-modification (R-M) system or lacked it. The R-M system was an isoschizomer of Streptococcus pneumoniae DpnII, which recognizes nucleotide sequence 5'-GATC-3'. The nucleotide sequencing of the genes encoding the R-M system in S. suis DAT1, designated SsuDAT1I, showed that the SsuDAT1I gene region contained two methyltransferase genes, designated ssuMA and ssuMB, as does the DpnII system. The deduced amino acid sequences of M.SsuMA and M.SsuMB showed 70 and 90% identity to M.DpnII and M.DpnA, respectively. However, the SsuDAT1I system contained two isoschizomeric restriction endonuclease genes, designated ssuRA and ssuRB. The deduced amino acid sequence of R.SsuRA was 49% identical to that of R.DpnII, and R.SsuRB was 72% identical to R.LlaDCHI of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris DCH-4. The four SsuDAT1I genes overlapped and were bounded by purine biosynthetic gene clusters in the following gene order: purF-purM-purN-purH-ssuMA-ssuMB-ssuRA-ssuRB-purD-purE. The G+C content of the SsuDAT1I gene region (34.1%) was lower than that of the pur region (48.9%), suggesting horizontal transfer of the SsuDAT1I system. No transposable element or long-repeat sequence was found in the flanking regions. The SsuDAT1I genes were functional by themselves, as they were individually expressed in Escherichia coli. Comparison of the sequences between strains with and without the R-M system showed that only the region from 53 bp upstream of ssuMA to 5 bp downstream of ssuRB was inserted in the intergenic sequence between purH and purD and that the insertion target site was not the recognition site of SsuDAT1I. No notable substitutions or insertions could be found, and the structures were conserved among all the strains. These results suggest that the SsuDAT1I system could have been integrated into the S. suis chromosome by an illegitimate recombination mechanism.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan. Phone: 81 (298) 38-7743. Fax: 81 (298) 38-7907. E-mail: sekizaki{at}niah.affrc.go.jp.

Journal of Bacteriology, January 2001, p. 500-511, Vol. 183, No. 2
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.2.500-511.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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