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Journal of Bacteriology, December 2001, p. 6965-6970, Vol. 183, No. 23
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.23.6965-6970.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Analysis of Early Promoters of the Bacillus Bacteriophage GA-1

José A. Horcajadas,1 Wilfried J. J. Meijer,1 Fernando Rojo,2 and Margarita Salas1,*

Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM)1 and Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC),2 Universidad Autónoma, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain

Received 21 June 2001/Accepted 19 September 2001

Bacteriophage GA-1, which infects Bacillus sp. strain G1R, is evolutionarily related to phage phi 29, which infects Bacillus subtilis. We report the characterization of several GA-1 promoters located at either end of its linear genome. Some of them are unique for GA-1 and drive the expression of open reading frames that have no counterparts in the genome of phi 29 or related phages. These unique promoters are active at early infection times and are repressed at late times. In vitro transcription reactions revealed that the purified GA-1-encoded protein p6 represses the activity of these promoters, although the amount of p6 required to repress transcription was different for each promoter. The level of protein p6 produced in vivo increases rapidly during the first stage of the infection cycle. The protein p6 concentration may serve to modulate the expression of these early promoters as infection proceeds.


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. Phone: (34) 91 397 8435. Fax: (34) 91 397 8490. E-mail: msalas{at}cbm.uam.es.


Journal of Bacteriology, December 2001, p. 6965-6970, Vol. 183, No. 23
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.23.6965-6970.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Alcorlo, M., Salas, M., Hermoso, J. M. (2007). In Vivo DNA Binding of Bacteriophage GA-1 Protein p6. J. Bacteriol. 189: 8024-8033 [Abstract] [Full Text]