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Journal of Bacteriology, March 2001, p. 2081-2085, Vol. 183, No. 6
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.6.2081-2085.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Role for a Phage Promoter in Shiga Toxin 2 Expression from a Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain

Patrick L. Wagner,1 Melody N. Neely,2,dagger Xiaoping Zhang,1 David W. K. Acheson,1 Matthew K. Waldor,1,3 and David I. Friedman2,*

Howard Hughes Medical Institute3 and Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 021111; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 481092

Received 1 November 2000/Accepted 3 January 2001

Shiga toxins (Stxs), encoded by the stxA and stxB genes, are important contributors to the virulence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other Stx-producing E. coli (STEC) strains. The stxA and stxB genes in STEC strains are located on the genomes of resident prophages of the lambda  family immediately downstream of the phage late promoters (pR'). The phage-encoded Q proteins modify RNA polymerase initiating transcription at the cognate pR' promoter which creates transcription complexes that transcend a transcription terminator immediately downstream of pR' as well as terminator kilobases distal to pR'. To test if this Q-directed processive transcription plays a role in stx2AB expression, we constructed a mutant prophage in an O157:H7 clinical isolate from which pR' and part of Q were deleted but which has an intact pStx, the previously described stx2AB-associated promoter. We report that production of significant levels of Stx2 in this O157:H7 isolate depends on the pR' promoter. Since transcription initiating at pR' ultimately requires activation of the phage lytic cascade, expression of stx2AB in STEC depends primarily on prophage induction. By showing this central role for the prophage in stx2AB expression, our findings contradict the prevailing assumption that phages serve merely as agents for virulence gene transfer.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, 5641 Medical Science Building II, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0620. Phone: (734) 763-3142. Fax: (734) 764-3562. E-mail: davidfri{at}umich.edu.

dagger Present address: Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.

Journal of Bacteriology, March 2001, p. 2081-2085, Vol. 183, No. 6
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.6.2081-2085.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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