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Journal of Bacteriology, April 2001, p. 2516-2526, Vol. 183, No. 8
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.8.2516-2526.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Nitric Oxide Signaling and Transcriptional Control of Denitrification Genes in Pseudomonas stutzeri

Kai-Uwe Vollack and Walter G. Zumft*

Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie der Universität Karlsruhe, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany

Received 3 November 2000/Accepted 30 January 2001

The expression of denitrification by a facultatively anaerobic bacterium requires as exogenous signals a low oxygen tension concomitant with an N oxide. We have studied the role of nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), and nitrite as signal molecules for the expression of the denitrification apparatus of Pseudomonas stutzeri. Transcriptional kinetics of structural genes were monitored by Northern blot analysis in a 60-min time frame after cells were exposed to an N oxide signal. To differentiate the inducer role of NO from that of nitrite, mRNA kinetics were monitored under anoxic conditions in a nirF strain, where NO generation from nitrite is prevented because of a defect in heme D1 biosynthesis. NO-triggered responses were monitored from the nirSTB operon (encoding cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase), the norCB operon (encoding NO reductase), nosZ (encoding nitrous oxide reductase), and nosR (encoding a putative regulator). Transcription of nirSTB and norCB was activated by 5 to 50 nM NO, whereas the nosZ promoter required about 250 nM. Nitrite at 5 to 50 nM elicited no response. At a threshold concentration of 650 nM N2O, we observed in the anoxic cell the transient appearance of nosZ and nosR transcripts. Constant levels of transcripts of both genes were observed in an anoxic cell sparged with N2O. NO at 250 nM stimulated in this cell type the expression of nos genes severalfold. The transcription factor DnrD, a member of the FNR-CRP family, was found to be part of the NO-triggered signal transduction pathway. However, overexpression of dnrD in an engineered strain did not result in NirS synthesis, indicating a need for activation of DnrD. NO modified the transcriptional pattern of the dnrD operon by inducing the transcription of dnrN and dnrO, located upstream of dnrD. Insertional mutagenesis of dnrN altered the kinetic response of the nirSTB operon towards nitrite. Our data establish NO and DnrD as key elements in the regulatory network of denitrification in P. stutzeri. The NO response adds to the previously identified nitrate-nitrite response mediated by the NarXL two-component system for the expression of respiratory nitrate reductase encoded by the narGHJI operon.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Universität Karlsruhe, PF 6980, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Phone: 49-721-608 3473. Fax: 49-721-608 8932. E-mail: dj03{at}rz.uni-karlsruhe.de.

Journal of Bacteriology, April 2001, p. 2516-2526, Vol. 183, No. 8
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.8.2516-2526.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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