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Journal of Bacteriology, June 2002, p. 3159-3166, Vol. 184, No. 12
0021-9193/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.184.12.3159-3166.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

SitABCD Is the Alkaline Mn2+ Transporter of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

David G. Kehres,1* Anuradha Janakiraman,2 James M. Slauch,2,3 and Michael E. Maguire1

Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4965,1 Department of Microbiology,2 College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 618013

Received 15 February 2002/ Accepted 27 March 2002

MntH, a bacterial homolog of the mammalian natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1), is a primary Mn2+ transporter of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli. S. enterica serovar Typhimurium MntH expression is important for full virulence; however, strains carrying an mntH deletion are only partially attenuated and display no obvious signs of Mn2+ deficiency. We noted that promoter sequences for mntH and for the putative Fe2+ transporter sitABCD appeared to have the same regulatory element responsive to Mn2+ and so hypothesized that sitABCD could transport Mn2+ with high affinity. We have now characterized transport by SitABCD in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium using 54Mn2+ and 55Fe2+ and compared its properties to those of MntH. SitABCD mediates the influx of Mn2+ with an apparent affinity (Ka) identical to that of MntH, 0.1 µM. It also transports Fe2+ but with a Ka 30 to 100 times lower, 3 to 10 µM. Inhibition of 54Mn2+ transport by Fe2+ and of 55Fe2+ transport by Mn2+ gave inhibition constants comparable to each cation's Ka for influx. Since micromolar concentrations of free Fe2+ are improbable in a biological system, we conclude that SitABCD functions physiologically as a Mn2+ transporter. The cation inhibition profiles of SitABCD and MntH are surprisingly similar for two structurally and energetically unrelated transporters, with a Cd2+ Ki of {approx}1 µM and a Co2+ Ki of {approx}20 µM and with Ni2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ inhibiting both transporters only at concentrations of >0.1 mM. The one difference is that Zn2+ exhibits potent inhibition of SitABCD (Ki = 1 to 3 µM) but inhibits MntH weakly (Ki > 50 µM). We have previously shown that MntH transports Mn2+ most effectively under acidic conditions. In sharp contrast, SitABCD has almost no transport capacity at acid pHs and optimally transports Mn2+ at slightly alkaline pHs. Overall, coupled with evidence that each transporter is multiply but distinctly regulated at the transcriptional level, the distinct transport properties of MntH versus SitABCD suggest that each transporter may be specialized for Mn2+ uptake in different physiological environments.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106-4965. Phone: (216) 368-6187. Fax: (216) 368-3395. E-mail: dgk2{at}po.cwru.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology, June 2002, p. 3159-3166, Vol. 184, No. 12
0021-9193/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.184.12.3159-3166.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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