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Complete Nucleotide Sequence of Plasmid Rts1: Implications for Evolution of Large Plasmid Genomes

Takahiro Murata,¹ Makoto Ohnishi,² Takeshi Ara,³ Jun Kaneko,⁴ Chang-Gyun Han,⁵ Yong Fang Li,^1, Kayoko Takashima,^6, Hideaki Nojima,^3, Keisuke Nakayama,² Akira Kaji,⁷ Yoshiyuki Kamio,⁴ Takeyoshi Miki,⁸ Hirotada Mori,^3,6 Eiichi Ohtsubo,⁵ Yoshiro Terawaki,¹ and Tetsuya Hayashi^2*

Department of Bacteriology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621,¹ Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Medical College, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692,² Institute of Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 14-1 Baba, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0035,³ Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Tsutsumi-dori, Amamiya-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555,⁴ Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113,⁵ Research and Education Center for Genetic Information, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 TakayamaIkoma, Nara 630-01,⁶ Department of Molecular Microbiology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan,⁸ Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6076⁷

Received 23 October 2001/ Accepted 26 February 2002

Rts1, a large conjugative plasmid originally isolated from Proteus vulgaris, is a prototype for the IncT plasmids and exhibits pleiotropic thermosensitive phenotypes. Here we report the complete nucleotide sequence of Rts1. The genome is 217,182 bp in length and contains 300 potential open reading frames (ORFs). Among these, the products of 141 ORFs, including 9 previously identified genes, displayed significant sequence similarity to known proteins. The set of genes responsible for the conjugation function of Rts1 has been identified. A broad array of genes related to diverse processes of DNA metabolism were also identified. Of particular interest was the presence of tus-like genes that could be involved in replication termination. Inspection of the overall genome organization revealed that the Rts1 genome is composed of four large modules, providing an example of modular evolution of plasmid genomes.

Present address: Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Science, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD 21702.

Present address: Specific Toxicology Research R&D, KISSEI Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2320-1 Maki, Hotaka, Minamiazumi, Nagano 399-8305, Japan.

Present address: Division of Molecular Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine (C7), 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

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