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Journal of Bacteriology, August 2002, p. 4374-4383, Vol. 184, No. 16
0021-9193/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.184.16.4374-4383.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Cluster II che Genes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Are Required for an Optimal Chemotactic Response

Abel Ferrández,1 Andrew C. Hawkins,1,2 Douglas T. Summerfield,1 and Caroline S. Harwood1,2*

Department of Microbiology,1 Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-11092

Received 27 February 2002/ Accepted 14 May 2002

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a {gamma}-proteobacterium, is motile by means of a single polar flagellum and is chemotactic to a variety of organic compounds and phosphate. P. aeruginosa has multiple homologues of Escherichia coli chemotaxis genes that are organized into five gene clusters. Previously, it was demonstrated that genes in cluster I and cluster V are essential for chemotaxis. A third cluster (cluster II) contains a complete set of che genes, as well as two genes, mcpA and mcpB, encoding methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins. Mutations were constructed in several of the cluster II che genes and in the mcp genes to examine their possible contributions to P. aeruginosa chemotaxis. A cheB2 mutant was partially impaired in chemotaxis in soft-agar swarm plate assays. Providing cheB2 in trans complemented this defect. Further, overexpression of CheB2 restored chemotaxis to a completely nonchemotactic, cluster I, cheB-deficient strain to near wild-type levels. An mcpA mutant was defective in chemotaxis in media that were low in magnesium. The defect could be relieved by the addition of magnesium to the swarm plate medium. An mcpB mutant was defective in chemotaxis when assayed in dilute rich soft-agar swarm medium or in minimal-medium swarm plates containing any 1 of 60 chemoattractants. The mutant phenotype could be complemented by the addition of mcpB in trans. Overexpression of either McpA or McpB in P. aeruginosa or Escherichia coli resulted in impairment of chemotaxis, and these cells had smooth-swimming phenotypes when observed under the microscope. Expression of P. aeruginosa cheA2, cheB2, or cheW2 in E. coli K-12 completely disrupted wild-type chemotaxis, while expression of cheY2 had no effect. These results indicate that che cluster II genes are expressed in P. aeruginosa and are required for an optimal chemotactic response.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, 3-432 BSB, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1109. Phone: (319) 335-7783. Fax: (319) 335-7679. E-mail: caroline-harwood{at}uiowa.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology, August 2002, p. 4374-4383, Vol. 184, No. 16
0021-9193/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.184.16.4374-4383.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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