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Journal of Bacteriology, September 2002, p. 5158-5169, Vol. 184, No. 18
0021-9193/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.184.18.5158-5169.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

R391: a Conjugative Integrating Mosaic Comprised of Phage, Plasmid, and Transposon Elements

Dietmar Böltner,1 Claire MacMahon,2 J. Tony Pembroke,2 Peter Strike,3 and A. Mark Osborn1*

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester,1 School of Biological Sciences, Donnan Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom,3 Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical & Environmental Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland2

Received 1 April 2002/ Accepted 13 June 2002

The conjugative, chromosomally integrating element R391 is the archetype of the IncJ class of mobile genetic elements. Originally found in a South African Providencia rettgeri strain, R391 carries antibiotic and mercury resistance traits, as well as genes involved in mutagenic DNA repair. While initially described as a plasmid, R391 has subsequently been shown to be integrated into the bacterial chromosome, employing a phage-like integration mechanism closely related to that of the SXT element from Vibrio cholerae O139. Analysis of the complete 89-kb nucleotide sequence of R391 has revealed a mosaic structure consisting of elements originating in bacteriophages and plasmids and of transposable elements. A total of 96 open reading frames were identified; of these, 30 could not be assigned a function. Sequence similarity suggests a relationship of large sections of R391 to sequences from Salmonella, in particular those corresponding to the putative conjugative transfer proteins, which are related to the IncHI1 plasmid R27. A composite transposon carrying the kanamycin resistance gene and a novel insertion element were identified. Challenging the previous assumption that IncJ elements are plasmids, no plasmid replicon was identified on R391, suggesting that they cannot replicate autonomously.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 (1206) 873763. Fax: 44 (1206) 872592. E-mail: osborn{at}essex.ac.uk.

Journal of Bacteriology, September 2002, p. 5158-5169, Vol. 184, No. 18
0021-9193/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.184.18.5158-5169.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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