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Journal of Bacteriology, October 2002, p. 5358-5363, Vol. 184, No. 19
0021-9193/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.184.19.5358-5363.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Activation of the glnA, glnK, and nac Promoters as Escherichia coli Undergoes the Transition from Nitrogen Excess Growth to Nitrogen Starvation

Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 ,¹ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201²

Received 28 February 2002/ Accepted 24 June 2002

The nitrogen-regulated genes and operons of the Ntr regulon of Escherichia coli are activated by the enhancer-binding transcriptional activator NRIP (NtrCP). Here, we examined the activation of the glnA, glnK, and nac promoters as cells undergo the transition from growth on ammonia to nitrogen starvation and examined the amplification of NRI during this transition. The results indicate that the concentration of NRI is increased as cells become starved for ammonia, concurrent with the activation of Ntr genes that have less- efficient enhancers than does glnA. A diauxic growth pattern was obtained when E. coli was grown on a low concentration of ammonia in combination with arginine as a nitrogen source, consistent with the hypothesis that Ntr genes other than glnA become activated only upon amplification of the NRI concentration.

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