Journal of Bacteriology, October 2002, p. 5418-5425, Vol. 184, No. 19
0021-9193/02/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/JB.184.19.5418-5425.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Envelope Disorder of Escherichia coli Cells Lacking Phosphatidylglycerol
Motoo Suzuki, Hiroshi Hara, and Kouji Matsumoto*
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
Received 3 June 2002/
Accepted 9 July 2002
Phosphatidylglycerol, the most abundant acidic phospholipid in Escherichia coli, is considered to play specific roles in various cellular processes that are essential for cell viability. A null mutation of pgsA, which encodes phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase, does indeed confer lethality. However, pgsA null mutants are viable if they lack the major outer membrane lipoprotein (Lpp) (lpp mutant) (S. Kikuchi, I. Shibuya, and K. Matsumoto, J. Bacteriol. 182:371-376, 2000). Here we show that Lpp expressed from a plasmid causes cell lysis in a pgsA lpp double mutant. The envelopes of cells harvested just before lysis could not be separated into outer and inner membrane fractions by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. In contrast, expression of a mutant Lpp (Lpp
K) lacking the COOH-terminal lysine residue (required for covalent linking to peptidoglycan) did not cause lysis and allowed for the clear separation of the outer and inner membranes. We propose that in pgsA mutants Lpp
K could not be modified by the addition of a diacylglyceryl moiety normally provided by phosphatidylglycerol and that this defect caused unmodified Lpp
K to accumulate in the inner membrane. Although Lpp
K accumulation did not lead to lysis, the accumulation of unmodified wild-type Lpp apparently led to the covalent linking to peptidoglycan, causing the inner membrane to be anomalously anchored to peptidoglycan and eventually leading to lysis. We suggest that this anomalous anchoring largely explains a major portion of the nonviable phenotypes of pgsA null mutants.
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan. Phone: 81-48-858-3406. Fax: 81-48-858-3698. E-mail: koumatsu{at}molbiol.saitama-u.ac.jp.
Journal of Bacteriology, October 2002, p. 5418-5425, Vol. 184, No. 19
0021-9193/02/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/JB.184.19.5418-5425.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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Copyright © 2002 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.