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Journal of Bacteriology, March 2002, p. 1324-1334, Vol. 184, No. 5
0021-9193/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.184.5.1324-1334.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

YplA Is Exported by the Ysc, Ysa, and Flagellar Type III Secretion Systems of Yersinia enterocolitica

*** Briana M. Young and Glenn M. Young*

Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616

Received 27 August 2001/ Accepted 20 November 2001

Yersinia enterocolitica maintains three different pathways for type III protein secretion. Each pathway requires the activity of a specific multicomponent apparatus or type III secretion system (TTSS). Two of the TTSSs are categorized as contact-dependent systems which have been shown in a number of different symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria to influence interactions with host organisms by targeting effector proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. The third TTSS is required for the assembly of flagella and the secretion of the phospholipase YplA, which has been implicated in Y. enterocolitica virulence. In this study, YplA was expressed from a constitutive promoter in strains that contained only a single TTSS. It was determined that each of the three TTSSs is individually sufficient for YplA secretion. Environmental factors such as temperature, calcium availability, and sodium chloride concentration affected the contribution of each system to extracellular protein secretion and, under some conditions, more than one TTSS appeared to operate simultaneously. This suggests that some proteins might normally be exported by more than one TTSS in Y. enterocolitca.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 217 Cruess Hall, FS&T, University of California, Davis, CA 95616. Phone: (530) 754-5292. Fax: (530) 752-4759. E-mail: gmyoung{at}ucdavis.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology, March 2002, p. 1324-1334, Vol. 184, No. 5
0021-9193/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.184.5.1324-1334.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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Copyright © 2002 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.