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Journal of Bacteriology, January 2003, p. 243-253, Vol. 185, No. 1
0021-9193/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.1.243-253.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Global Transcriptional Response of Bacillus subtilis to Peroxide Stress Is Coordinated by Three Transcription Factors

John D. Helmann,1* Ming Fang Winston Wu,2 Ahmed Gaballa,1 Phil A. Kobel,2,{dagger} Maud M. Morshedi,2 Paul Fawcett,3 and Chris Paddon2,{ddagger}

Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-8101,1 Affymax Research Institute, Santa Clara, California 95051,2 Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 943053

Received 5 August 2002/ Accepted 30 September 2002

Bacillus subtilis exhibits a complex adaptive response to low levels of peroxides. We used global transcriptional profiling to monitor the magnitude and kinetics of changes in the mRNA population after exposure to either hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or tert-butyl peroxide (t-buOOH). The peroxide stimulons could be largely accounted for by three regulons controlled by the PerR, {sigma}B, and OhrR transcription factors. Three members of the PerR regulon (katA, mrgA, and zosA) were strongly induced by H2O2 and weakly induced by t-buOOH. The remaining members of the PerR regulon were only modestly up-regulated by peroxide treatment. Overall, the magnitude of peroxide induction of PerR regulon genes corresponded well with the extent of derepression in a perR mutant strain. The {sigma}B regulon was activated by 58 µM H2O2 but not by 8 µM H2O2 and was strongly activated by either t-buOOH or, in a control experiment, tert-butyl alcohol. Apart from the {sigma}B regulon there was a single gene, ohrA, that was strongly and rapidly induced by t-buOOH exposure. This gene, controlled by the peroxide-sensing repressor OhrR, was not induced by any of the other conditions tested.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-8101. Phone: (607) 255-6570. Fax: (607) 255-3904. E-mail: jdh9{at}cornell.edu.

{dagger} Present address: DiscoveRx, Fremont, CA 94538.

{ddagger} Present address: Xenoport, Inc., Santa Clara, CA 95051.

Journal of Bacteriology, January 2003, p. 243-253, Vol. 185, No. 1
0021-9193/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.1.243-253.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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