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Journal of Bacteriology, January 2003, p. 285-294, Vol. 185, No. 1
0021-9193/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.1.285-294.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Common Extracellular Sensory Domains in Transmembrane Receptors for Diverse Signal Transduction Pathways in Bacteria and Archaea

Igor B. Zhulin,1* Anastasia N. Nikolskaya,2 and Michael Y. Galperin2

School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230,1 National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 208942

Received 29 July 2002/ Accepted 11 October 2002

Transmembrane receptors in microorganisms, such as sensory histidine kinases and methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, are molecular devices for monitoring environmental changes. We report here that sensory domain sharing is widespread among different classes of transmembrane receptors. We have identified two novel conserved extracellular sensory domains, named CHASE2 and CHASE3, that are found in at least four classes of transmembrane receptors: histidine kinases, adenylate cyclases, predicted diguanylate cyclases, and either serine/threonine protein kinases (CHASE2) or methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (CHASE3). Three other extracellular sensory domains were shared by at least two different classes of transmembrane receptors: histidine kinases and either diguanylate cyclases, adenylate cyclases, or phosphodiesterases. These observations suggest that microorganisms use similar conserved domains to sense similar environmental signals and transmit this information via different signal transduction pathways to different regulatory circuits: transcriptional regulation (histidine kinases), chemotaxis (methyl-accepting proteins), catabolite repression (adenylate cyclases), and modulation of enzyme activity (diguanylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases). The variety of signaling pathways using the CHASE-type domains indicates that these domains sense some critically important extracellular signals.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230. Phone: (404) 385-2224. Fax: (404) 894-0519. E-mail: igor.zhulin{at}biology.gatech.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology, January 2003, p. 285-294, Vol. 185, No. 1
0021-9193/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.1.285-294.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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