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Journal of Bacteriology, August 2003, p. 4519-4529, Vol. 185, No. 15
0021-9193/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.15.4519-4529.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Phosphate Starvation Stimulon of Corynebacterium glutamicum Determined by DNA Microarray Analyses

Takeru Ishige, Malgorzata Krause, Michael Bott, Volker F. Wendisch,* and Hermann Sahm

Institut für Biotechnologie 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany

Received 20 February 2003/ Accepted 23 April 2003

The phosphate (Pi) starvation stimulon of Corynebacterium glutamicum was characterized by global gene expression analysis by using DNA microarrays. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the genes showing altered expression 10 to 180 min after a shift from Pi-sufficient to Pi-limiting conditions led to identification of five groups comprising 92 genes. Four of these groups included genes which are not directly involved in P metabolism and changed expression presumably due to the reduced growth rate observed after the shift or to the exchange of medium. One group, however, comprised 25 genes, most of which are obviously related to phosphorus (P) uptake and metabolism and exhibited 4- to >30-fold-greater expression after the shift to Pi limitation. Among these genes, the RNA levels of the pstSCAB (ABC-type Pi uptake system), glpQ (glycerophosphoryldiester phosphodiesterase), ugpAEBC (ABC-type sn-glycerol 3-phosphate uptake system), phoH (unknown function), nucH (extracellular nuclease), and Cgl0328 (5'-nucleotidase or related esterase) genes were increased, and pstSCAB exhibited a faster response than the other genes. Transcriptional fusion analyses revealed that elevated expression of pstSCAB and ugpAEBC was primarily due to transcriptional regulation. Several genes also involved in P uptake and metabolism were not affected by Pi starvation; these included the genes encoding a PitA-like Pi uptake system and a putative Na+-dependent Pi transporter and the genes involved in the metabolism of pyrophosphate and polyphosphate. In summary, a global, time-resolved picture of the response of C. glutamicum to Pi starvation was obtained.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Biotechnologie 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany. Phone: 49 2461 61 5169. Fax: 49 2461 61 2710. E-mail: v.wendisch{at}fz-juelich.de.

Journal of Bacteriology, August 2003, p. 4519-4529, Vol. 185, No. 15
0021-9193/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.15.4519-4529.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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