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A Burkholderia pseudomallei Type III Secreted Protein, BopE, Facilitates Bacterial Invasion of Epithelial Cells and Exhibits Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Activity

Mark P. Stevens,¹ Andrea Friebel,² Lowrie A. Taylor,¹ Michael W. Wood,¹ Philip J. Brown,^1, Wolf-Dietrich Hardt,² and Edouard E. Galyov^1*

Division of Environmental Microbiology, Institute for Animal Health, Compton Laboratory, Berkshire RG20 7NN, United Kingdom,¹ Institute of Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, ETH Zentrum, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland²

Received 24 March 2003/ Accepted 12 May 2003

We report the characterization of BopE, a type III secreted protein that is encoded adjacent to the Burkholderia pseudomallei bsa locus and is homologous to Salmonella enterica SopE/SopE2. Inactivation of bopE impaired bacterial entry into HeLa cells, indicating that BopE facilitates invasion. Consistent with this notion, BopE expressed in eukaryotic cells induced rearrangements in the subcortical actin cytoskeleton, and purified BopE exhibited guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity for Cdc42 and Rac1 in vitro.

Present address: Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.

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