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Journal of Bacteriology, September 2003, p. 5055-5065, Vol. 185, No. 17
0021-9193/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.17.5055-5065.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Composition, Acquisition, and Distribution of the Vi Exopolysaccharide-Encoding Salmonella enterica Pathogenicity Island SPI-7

Derek Pickard,1* John Wain,2 Stephen Baker,1 Alexandra Line,3 Sonia Chohan,3 Maria Fookes,3 Andrew Barron,3 Peadar Ó Gaora,1 José A. Chabalgoity,4 Niren Thanky,1 Christoph Scholes,1 Nicholas Thomson,3 Michael Quail,3 Julian Parkhill,3 and Gordon Dougan1

Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Department of Biological Sciences,1 Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Imperial College, London,2 The Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom,3 Laboratory for Vaccine, Research, Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Montevideo, Uruguay4

Received 10 March 2003/ Accepted 28 May 2003

Vi capsular polysaccharide production is encoded by the viaB locus, which has a limited distribution in Salmonella enterica serovars. In S. enterica serovar Typhi, viaB is encoded on a 134-kb pathogenicity island known as SPI-7 that is located between partially duplicated tRNApheU sites. Functional and bioinformatic analysis suggests that SPI-7 has a mosaic structure and may have evolved as a consequence of several independent insertion events. Analysis of viaB-associated DNA in Vi-positive S. enterica serovar Paratyphi C and S. enterica serovar Dublin isolates revealed the presence of similar SPI-7 islands. In S. enterica serovars Paratyphi C and Dublin, the SopE bacteriophage and a 15-kb fragment adjacent to the intact tRNApheU site were absent. In S. enterica serovar Paratyphi C only, a region encoding a type IV pilus involved in the adherence of S. enterica serovar Typhi to host cells was missing. The remainder of the SPI-7 islands investigated exhibited over 99% DNA sequence identity in the three serovars. Of 30 other Salmonella serovars examined, 24 contained no insertions at the equivalent tRNApheU site, 2 had a 3.7-kb insertion, and 4 showed sequence variation at the tRNApheU-phoN junction, which was not analyzed further. Sequence analysis of the SPI-7 region from S. enterica serovar Typhi strain CT18 revealed significant synteny with clusters of genes from a variety of saprophytic bacteria and phytobacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. This analysis suggested that SPI-7 may be a mobile element, such as a conjugative transposon or an integrated plasmid remnant.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Armstrong Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 207 594 3070. Fax: 44 207 594 3069. E-mail: d.pickard{at}imperial.ac.uk.

Journal of Bacteriology, September 2003, p. 5055-5065, Vol. 185, No. 17
0021-9193/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.17.5055-5065.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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