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The Genome Sequence of Yersinia pestis Bacteriophage A1122 Reveals an Intimate History with the Coliphage T3 and T7 Genomes

Biology and Biotechnology Research Program, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California,¹ Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado,² Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas³

Received 3 April 2003/ Accepted 27 May 2003

The genome sequence of bacteriophage A1122 has been determined. A1122 grows on almost all isolates of Yersinia pestis and is used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a diagnostic agent for the causative agent of plague. A1122 is very closely related to coliphage T7; the two genomes are colinear, and the genome-wide level of nucleotide identity is about 89%. However, a quarter of the A1122 genome, one that includes about half of the morphogenetic and maturation functions, is significantly more closely related to coliphage T3 than to T7. It is proposed that the yersiniophage A1122 recombined with a close relative of the Y. enterocolitica phage YeO3-12 to yield progeny phages, one of which became the classic T3 coliphage of Demerec and Fano (M. Demerec and U. Fano, Genetics 30:119-136, 1945).

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