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Journal of Bacteriology, September 2003, p. 5573-5584, Vol. 185, No. 18
0021-9193/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.18.5573-5584.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Genome Diversification in Phylogenetic Lineages I and II of Listeria monocytogenes: Identification of Segments Unique to Lineage II Populations{dagger}

Chaomei Zhang,1 Min Zhang,1 Jingliang Ju,1,{ddagger} Joseph Nietfeldt,1 John Wise,1 Philip M. Terry,1 Michael Olson,1 Stephen D. Kachman,2 Martin Wiedmann,3 Mansour Samadpour,4 and Andrew K. Benson1*

Departments of Food Science and Technology,1 Biometry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583,2 Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-7201,3 Department of Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-72344

Received 30 April 2003/ Accepted 25 June 2003

Thirteen different serotypes of Listeria monocytogenes can be distinguished on the basis of variation in somatic and flagellar antigens. Although the known virulence genes are present in all serotypes, greater than 90% of human cases of listeriosis are caused by serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b and nearly all outbreaks of food-borne listeriosis have been caused by serotype 4b strains. Phylogenetic analysis of these three common clinical serotypes places them into two different lineages, with serotypes 1/2b and 4b belonging to lineage I and 1/2a belonging to lineage II. To begin examining evolution of the genome in these serotypes, DNA microarray analysis was used to identify lineage-specific and serotype-specific differences in genome content. A set of 44 strains representing serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b was probed with a shotgun DNA microarray constructed from the serotype 1/2a strain 10403s. Clones spanning 47 different genes in 16 different contiguous segments relative to the lineage II 1/2a genome were found to be absent in all lineage I strains tested (serotype 4b and 1/2b) and an additional nine were altered exclusively in 4b strains. Southern hybridization confirmed that conserved alterations were, in all but two loci, due to absence of the segments from the genome. Genes within these contiguous segments comprise five functional categories, including genes involved in synthesis of cell surface molecules and regulation of virulence gene expression. Phylogenetic reconstruction and examination of compositional bias in the regions of difference are consistent with a model in which the ancestor of the two lineages had the 1/2 somatic serotype and the regions absent in the lineage I genome arose by loss of ancestral sequences.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, 330 Food Industry Complex, Lincoln, NE 68583-0919. Phone: (402) 472-5637. Fax: (402) 472-1693. E-mail: abenson1{at}unl.edu.

{dagger} A contribution of the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, Lincoln (journal series no. 14131).

{ddagger} Present address: Adaptive Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92009.

Journal of Bacteriology, September 2003, p. 5573-5584, Vol. 185, No. 18
0021-9193/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.18.5573-5584.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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