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Journal of Bacteriology, October 2003, p. 5685-5696, Vol. 185, No. 19
0021-9193/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.19.5685-5696.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

VGJ{phi}, a Novel Filamentous Phage of Vibrio cholerae, Integrates into the Same Chromosomal Site as CTX{phi}

Javier Campos,* Eriel Martínez, Edith Suzarte, Boris L. Rodríguez, Karen Marrero, Yussuan Silva, Talena Ledón, Ricardo del Sol, and Rafael Fando*

Departamento de Genética, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas, Havana, Cuba

Received 17 March 2003/ Accepted 23 June 2003

We describe a novel filamentous phage, designated VGJ{phi}, isolated from strain SG25-1 of Vibrio cholerae O139, which infects all O1 (classical and El Tor) and O139 strains tested. The sequence of the 7,542 nucleotides of the phage genome reveals that VGJ{phi} has a distinctive region of 775 nucleotides and a conserved region with an overall genomic organization similar to that of previously characterized filamentous phages, such as CTX{phi} of V. cholerae and Ff phages of Escherichia coli. The conserved region carries 10 open reading frames (ORFs) coding for products homologous to previously reported peptides of other filamentous phages, and the distinctive region carries one ORF whose product is not homologous to any known peptide. VGJ{phi}, like other filamentous phages, uses a type IV pilus to infect V. cholerae; in this case, the pilus is the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin. VGJ{phi}-infected V. cholerae overexpresses the product of one ORF of the phage (ORF112), which is similar to single-stranded DNA binding proteins of other filamentous phages. Once inside a cell, VGJ{phi} is able to integrate its genome into the same chromosomal attB site as CTX{phi}, entering into a lysogenic state. Additionally, we found an attP structure in VGJ{phi}, which is also conserved in several lysogenic filamentous phages from different bacterial hosts. Finally, since different filamentous phages seem to integrate into the bacterial dif locus by a general mechanism, we propose a model in which repeated integration events with different phages might have contributed to the evolution of the CTX chromosomal region in V. cholerae El Tor.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Departamento de Genética, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas, AP 6412, Havana, Cuba. Phone: (537) 2718066. Fax: (537) 2080497. E-mail for Javier Campos: javier{at}biocnic.cneuro.edu.cu. E-mail for Rafael Fando: fando{at}biocnic.cneuro.edu.cu.

Journal of Bacteriology, October 2003, p. 5685-5696, Vol. 185, No. 19
0021-9193/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.19.5685-5696.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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