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Identification and Biosynthesis of Cyclic Enterobacterial Common Antigen in Escherichia coli

Department of Biochemistry,¹ Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038,³ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814,² Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Bijvoet Center, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands⁴

Received 8 October 2002/ Accepted 13 December 2002

Phosphoglyceride-linked enterobacterial common antigen (ECA_PG) is a cell surface glycolipid that is synthesized by all gram-negative enteric bacteria. The carbohydrate portion of ECA_PG consists of linear heteropolysaccharide chains comprised of the trisaccharide repeat unit Fuc4NAc-ManNAcA-GlcNAc, where Fuc4NAc is 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose, ManNAcA is N-acetyl-D-mannosaminuronic acid, and GlcNAc is N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. The potential reducing terminal GlcNAc residue of each polysaccharide chain is linked via phosphodiester linkage to a phosphoglyceride aglycone. We demonstrate here the occurrence of a water-soluble cyclic form of enterobacterial common antigen, ECA_CYC, purified from Escherichia coli strains B and K-12 with solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and additional biochemical methods. The ECA_CYC molecules lacked an aglycone and contained four trisaccharide repeat units that were nonstoichiometrically substituted with up to four O-acetyl groups. ECA_CYC was not detected in mutant strains that possessed null mutations in the wecA, wecF, and wecG genes of the wec gene cluster. These observations corroborate the structural data obtained by NMR and ESI-MS analyses and show for the first time that the trisaccharide repeat units of ECA_CYC and ECA_PG are assembled by a common biosynthetic pathway.

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