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Journal of Bacteriology, April 2003, p. 2512-2519, Vol. 185, No. 8
0021-9193/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.8.2512-2519.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Regulation of the Alternative Sigma Factor {sigma}E during Initiation, Adaptation, and Shutoff of the Extracytoplasmic Heat Shock Response in Escherichia coli

Sarah E. Ades,1* Irina L. Grigorova,2 and Carol A. Gross1,3

Department of Stomatology,1 Graduate Group in Biophysics,2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-05123

Received 9 October 2002/ Accepted 24 January 2003

The alternative sigma factor {sigma}E is activated in response to stress in the extracytoplasmic compartment of Escherichia coli. Here we show that {sigma}E activity increases upon initiation of the stress response by a shift to an elevated temperature (43°C) and remains at that level for the duration of the stress. When the stress is removed by a temperature downshift, {sigma}E activity is strongly repressed and then slowly returns to levels seen in unstressed cells. We provide evidence that information about the state of the cell envelope is communicated to {sigma}E primarily through the regulated proteolysis of the inner membrane anti-sigma factor RseA, as the degradation rate of RseA is correlated with the changes in {sigma}E activity throughout the stress response. However, the relationship between {sigma}E activity and the rate of degradation of RseA is complex, indicating that other factors may cooperate with RseA and serve to fine-tune the response.

* Corresponding author. Present address: 303 S. Frear Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802. Phone: (814) 863-1088. Fax: (814) 863-7024. E-mail: ades{at}psu.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology, April 2003, p. 2512-2519, Vol. 185, No. 8
0021-9193/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.8.2512-2519.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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