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Journal of Bacteriology, July 2004, p. 4361-4368, Vol. 186, No. 13
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.13.4361-4368.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

{sigma}54 Enhancer Binding Proteins and Myxococcus xanthus Fruiting Body Development

Jimmy S. Jakobsen,1 Lars Jelsbak,1 Lotte Jelsbak,1 Roy D. Welch,2 Craig Cummings,3 Barry Goldman,4 Elizabeth Stark,4 Steve Slater,4 and Dale Kaiser1*

Departments of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Stanford University,1 Relman Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford, California 94305,3 Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York,2 Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri 631674

Received 2 March 2004/ Accepted 18 March 2004

A search of the M1genome sequence, which includes 97% of the Myxococcus xanthus genes, identified 53 sequence homologs of {sigma}54-dependent enhancer binding proteins (EBPs). A DNA microarray was constructed from the M1genome that includes those homologs and 318 other M. xanthus genes for comparison. To screen the developmental program with this array, an RNA extract from growing cells was compared with one prepared from developing cells at 12 h. Previous reporter studies had shown that M. xanthus has initiated development and has begun to express many developmentally regulated genes by 12 h. The comparison revealed substantial increases in the expression levels of 11 transcription factors that may respond to environmental stimuli. Six of the 53 EBP homologs were expressed at significantly higher levels at 12 h of development than during growth. Three were previously unknown genes, and they were inactivated to look for effects on fruiting body development. One knockout mutant produced fruiting bodies of abnormal shape that depended on the composition of the medium.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Departments of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. Phone: (650) 723-6165. Fax: (650) 725-7739. E-mail: kaiser{at}cmgm.stanford.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology, July 2004, p. 4361-4368, Vol. 186, No. 13
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.13.4361-4368.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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