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Journal of Bacteriology, October 2004, p. 6809-6814, Vol. 186, No. 20
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.20.6809-6814.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Effect of Bile on the Cell Surface Permeability Barrier and Efflux System of Vibrio cholerae

Arpita Chatterjee, Sohini Chaudhuri,{dagger} Gargi Saha,{ddagger} Satadeepa Gupta ,§ and Rukhsana Chowdhury*

Biophysics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Calcuttta, India

Received 12 July 2004/ Accepted 22 July 2004

Gram-negative bacteria are inherently impermeable to hydrophobic compounds, due to the synergistic activity of the permeability barrier imposed by the outer membrane and energy dependent efflux systems. The gram-negative, enteric pathogen Vibrio cholerae appears to be deficient in both these activities; the outer membrane is not an effective barrier to hydrophobic permeants, presumably due to the presence of exposed phospholipids on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane, and efflux systems are at best only partially active. When V. cholerae was grown in the presence of bile, entry of hydrophobic compounds into the cells was significantly reduced. No difference was detected in the extent of exposed phospholipids on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane between cells grown in the presence or absence of bile. However, in the presence of energy uncouplers, uptake of hydrophobic probes was comparable between cells grown in the presence or absence of bile, indicating that energy-dependent efflux processes may be involved in restricting the entry of hydrophobic permeants into bile grown cells. Indeed, an efflux system(s) is essential for survival of V. cholerae in the presence of bile. Expression of acrAB, encoding an RND family efflux pump, was significantly increased in V. cholerae cells grown in vitro in the presence of bile and also in cells grown in rabbit intestine.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Biophysics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Calcutta 700 032, India. Phone: 91 33 473 0350. Fax: 91 33 473 5197. E-mail: rukhsana{at}iicb.res.in.

{dagger} Both authors contributed equally to the work.

{ddagger} Present address: Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Calcutta, India.

§ Present address: Birmingham Childrens Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Journal of Bacteriology, October 2004, p. 6809-6814, Vol. 186, No. 20
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.20.6809-6814.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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